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MITHA LESTARI
Defition for Diabetes Mellitus
Source : Riskesdas,2010,kemenkes
Causes for Diabetes Mellitus
The cause of both type 1 and type
2 diabetes remains unknown,
although genetic factors may play
a role. Diabetes mellitus results
from insulin deficiency or
resistance. Insulin transports
glucose into the cell for use as
energy and storage as glycogen.
Risk Factors For
Diabetes Mellitus Include
Obesity.
Physiologic or emotional stress, which can cause prolonged
elevation of stress hormone levels.
pregnancy, which causes weight gain and increases levels of
estrogen and placental hormones, which antagonize insulin
metabolic syndrome, which is considered a precursor to the
development of type 2 diabetes mellitus
some medications that can antagonize the effects of insulin,
including thiazide diuretics, adrenal corticosteroids, and
hormonal contraceptives
Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
There are several different types of diabetes mellitus; they may differ
in cause, clinical course, and treatment. The major classifications of
diabetes are:
· Type 1 diabetes (insulin dependent diabetes mellitus) is caused
by B-cell destruction, usually leading to absolute insulin deficiency
Immune mediated
Idiopathic
· Type 2 diabetes (previously referred to as non insulin dependent
diabetes mellitus) ranges from those with predominant insulin
resistance associated with relative insulin deficiency, to those with a
predominantly insulin secretory defect with insulin resistance
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DIABETES
Insulin
Insulin is indicated for type 1 diabetes
as well as for type 2 diabetic patients
with insulinopenia whose
hyperglycemia does not respond to
diet therapy either alone or combined
with other hypoglycemic drugs.
There are five components of diabetes
management:
• Nutritional management
• Exercise
• Monitoring
• Pharmacologic therapy
• Education