ENERGY CRISIS OF PAKISTAN: CAUSES & REMEDY

M. Nadeem Jahangir
25 February 2009
Institute of Science & Technology Development,
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology,
Jamshoro-Pakistan.
 Contents

• Introduction
• Objectives
• Energy Resources of Pakistan
• Ten Years of Energy Consumption
• Causes of Energy Crisis
• Recommendations
• Conclusion
 Introduction

• Energy has become an important requirement for

the economic development of a country.
• It plays a pivotal role in the socio-economic
development of any country.
Uses:
• industrial and agricultural purposes
• domestic use of the citizens
 Objectives

• Why Pakistan is facing such a huge energy crisis

of its history?
• What are the reasons behind this crisis?
• Why Pakistan cannot able to utilize its natural
resources?
• If Pakistan has abundance of coal then why
Pakistan importing coal?
• Why half of the Pakistani population has no access
to electricity?
 Energy Resources of Pakistan


Energy Type
Pakistan’s Conventional Energy Resources

Potential Source
Crude Oil 339 million barrels recoverable reserves. Pak Eco Survey 2007-08
Natural Gas 31,266 trillion cubic feet recoverable reserves. Pak Eco Survey 2007-08

Coal 185 billion tones recoverable reserves. Pak Eco Survey 2007-08
Hydro Energy 46,000 MW identified potential Govt. of Pakistan 2005

Nuclear power Nuclear power of capacity 425 MWe World Nuclear Association 2008

 Pakistan’s Renewable Energy Resources

1. Wind Energy
2. Solar Energy
3. Bio-mass & Bio-fuels
4. Geo-Thermal Energy
Energy Resources of Pakistan
 Ten Years of Energy Consumption

Ene rgy Consumption by Source Ene rgy Consumption by Source

(2006-07) (1996-97)

Oil
Gas
29%
Gas 29%
41%

Oil
49%
LPG
2%

Coal
Electricity
12%
Electricity 15%
LP G Co al
16%
1% 6%

Source: Pakistan Economic survey 2007-08

Ten Years of Energy Consumption
 Ten Years of Energy Consumption

• In 2007 Pakistan consumed up to 60.388 MTOE

of energy in which 19.835 MTOE was imported in
form of Oil and Coal.

• Relying heavily over imported oil and coal and

shortage of natural gas in future will certainly
chock the economic growth for many years.
 Causes of Energy Crisis

1. Economic and Political instability.

Effects our GDP & Energy growth…
2. Fluctuation of oil prices in international market.
WAPDA & KESC purchase expensive oil and transfer cost to customers…
3. Faulty Distribution System.
We waste 15 to 20 percent energy through poor distribution system…
4. Aging of equipment.
Unable to generate required electricity…
5. Unproductive efforts.
Seminars & conferences but no implementation…
6. Silting Process.
It is a naturally caused process which reduces the storage capacity of reservoirs...
7. Mismanagement of energy resources.
Lack of technical knowledge and equipment to utilize existing resources...
 Silting Process

“It is a slow and continuous process, which has reduced

the storage capacity of Tarbela and Mangla dams
considerably”
Institute for Defense Studies & Analysis
“It is the process, which is naturally caused, and influenced, one which
initiates when the river is dammed and ends when the reservoir basin
is practically filled with sediments.”
“It is reducing the storage capacity of the world’s reservoirs by more
than 1% par year.”

Silting and Desilting of Reservoirs

Dan G Batuca and Jan M. Jordaan
 Recommendations

To overcome present energy crisis, Pakistan needs to take the

following steps in form of:
1. Short Term Plan
2. Medium Term Plan
3. Long Term Plan.
 Recommendations

1. Short-term Plan:

1. Increase the number of IPPs (Independent Power Producers).

2. Reactivate the closed power generating units.
3. Overhaul the existing poor distribution system.
4. Import electricity to fulfill the current need for industries on ad hoc
basis.
5. Government should have strict check on energy indicators on
regular basis to counter such crisis in future.
 Recommendations

2. Medium-term Plan:
1. Transformation of existing system to renewable energy resources.
2. Developing and installing biogas, solar, wind and micro hydro based
projects in villages.
3. Long-term Plan:
1. Developing and installing coal based powerhouses.
2. Initiate agreements for mega projects with the energy extensive countries
for sustainable energy resources.
3. Explorations of more oil, gas and coal reserves.
4. Provide incentives for up-gradation and training to the engineer for new
technology
 Conclusion

• This study recommends Government of Pakistan to take strong steps to

overhaul its existing infrastructure and transformed it to utilize renewable
energy for future needs.

• Government should also take steps to utilize the coal reserves though it
will give us energy for next 25 years.