Roselyn P.

Sahidsahid Fella Moanes

CHAPTER 8: COMMUNICATION IN LEARNING
Lesson 35: COMMUNICATION
Outline
 Communication and Language
 Functions of Language
 Characteristics of Language
 Attributes of Language
 Dimensions of Language
 Structural Levels of Language
 Words
 Syntax
 Discourse
 Language Levels
 Communication in Teaching and Learning
 The Message
 Basic Principles that Govern Classroom Communication
 Effective Communication
Communication and
Language
 Communication refers to the exchange of thoughts and
ideas with the intention of conveying information. It can
be defined as sharing of thoughts, information and
intelligence.
 Language is a form of communication using words, either
spoken or symbolized with our writing system, usually
structured with grammar, it enables individuals to engage
socially, initially within the family, and later in an ever-
widening network of relationships and cultural
experiences. Such experiences create a sense of belonging
and enhance general well-being.
Functions of Language
 A Medium of Expression
- It provides us a way to express our feelings, thoughts, imaginations and views.
 Keeping the record
- It is used for keeping the record of many events or we can say that it helps us
making the history.
 Connectivity
- Language keeps us connected with the world.
 Power of Thought
-The language also gives us the power of thinking
 Identity
- Language gives us an identity, like in the world most of the nations have got their
names due to their language. For example France from French, England from English,
and Germany from German.
 Literature
- It is also a function of language that has given birth to literature, the different ways of
expressing the feelings, emotions and thoughts. From different ways we mean the
different genres of literature like novel, drama and poetry.
 Means of Conveying Information
Communication and
Language
 Communication refers to the exchange of thoughts and
ideas with the intention of conveying information. It can
be defined as sharing of thoughts, information and
intelligence.
 Language is a form of communication using words, either
spoken or symbolized with our writing system, usually
structured with grammar, it enables individuals to engage
socially, initially within the family, and later in an ever-
widening network of relationships and cultural
experiences. Such experiences create a sense of belonging
and enhance general well-being.
Characteristics of Language
Language is Arbitrary: Language is arbitrary in the sense that there
is no inherent relation between the words of a language and their
meanings or the ideas conveyed by them.
Language is Social: Language is a set of conventional communicative
signals used by humans for communication in a community.
Language in this sense is a possession of a social group, comprising
an indispensable set of rules which permits its members to relate to
each other, to interact with each other, to co-operate with each
other; it is a social institution.
Language is Symbolic: Language consists of various sound symbols
to denote some objects, occurrences or meaning. These symbols are
arbitrarily chosen and conventionally accepted and employed.
Words in a language are not mere signs or figures, but symbols of
meaning. The intelligibility of a language depends on a correct
interpretation of these symbols.
Attributes of Language
1. Clarity
a. Correctness
-Must be grammatically correct
b. Accuracy
- Precise word choice – involves choosing words that
accurately depict your meaning
c. Simplicity
-Use short & simple common word.
d. Understandability
2. Directness and conversationality
- Language must be instantly intelligible.
Dimensions of Language
 Listening and speaking
-involve oral language and are often referred to as primary modes since they are
acquired naturally in home and community environments before children
come to school.
 Reading and writing
-Written language modes, are acquired differently. Although children from
literate environments often come to school with considerable knowledge about
printed language, reading and writing are widely considered to be the school's
responsibility and are formally taught.
 Speaking and writing
-Require constructing messages and conveying them to others through
language. Thus they are "expressive" modes.
 Listening and reading
-Are more "receptive" modes; they involve constructing meaning from
messages that come from others' language. (For those who are deaf, visual and
spatial language modes–watching and signing–replace oral language modes.)
Structural Levels of Language
Words
 A written or printed character or combination of
characters representing a spoken word
Syntax
 This is the level of sentences. It is concerned with the
meaning of words in combination with each other to
form phrases or sentences. In particular it involves
differences in meaning arrived at by changes in word
order, the addition or subtraction of words from
sentences or changes in the form of sentences. It
furthermore deals with the relatedness of different
sentence types and with the analysis of ambiguous
sentences.
Discourse
 Is an area of linguistics which is involved with the
examination of stretches of language which are larger
than single sentences. Such stretches usually form a
unit which is defined by the topic of discourse, e.g. a
conversation about a football match, cracking a joke, a
political interview or a lecture on historical linguistics.
Language Levels
Phonetics, Phonology
-the set of possible human sounds, which constitutes the area of phonetics proper, and the
set of system sounds used in a given human language, which constitutes the area of
phonology. Phonology is concerned with classifying the sounds of language and with
saying how the subset used in a particular language is utilized, for instance what
distinctions in meaning can be made on the basis of what sounds.
 Morphology
-This is the level of words and endings, to put it in simplified terms. It is what one normally
understands by grammar.
 Syntax
-This is the level of sentences. It is concerned with the meaning of words in combination
with each other to form phrases or sentences.
 Semantics
-This is the area of meaning. It might be thought that semantics is covered by the areas of
morphology and syntax, but it is quickly seen that this level needs to be studied on its
own to have a proper perspective on meaning in language.
 Pragmatics
-The concern here is with the use of language in specific situations. The meaning of
sentences need not be the same in an abstract form and in practical use.
Communication in Teaching
and Learning
 Interpersonal relationships grounded on
communication that helps individual know himself
and those around him.
 The capacity of communication defines human
personality as each of us wants to be perceived in a
correct dimension capable of individualization.
 The need to find out what for we communicate helps
the individual define both his conduct, and his
language.
 Capacity to communicate defines human personality
Components of the Process of
human communication
Four major Components
 Source
 Message
 Channel or a transmitter
 Receiver
 THE SOURCE
A teacher (learner(s) or others)wanting to affect the behavior of
students perceives and defines a purpose in such a way as to try to
produce the desired response (s)

Uses a mediated source-message originated and

Directly encodes her purpose into a message encoded by another source to convey or to assist in
intended to produce the desired response using conveying the message to produce the desired
iconic and/or digital signs response.

Message transmitted through vocal Message transmitted through a.v media----pictures,

mechanism (voice); muscle system--- graphic, aids, motion pictures, television, radio, recordings,
3-dimensonal materials, print, programmed materials,
posture, gestures, facial expression, etc.
drama, etc.

The student(s) receive the stimuli (message)

Decodes the message

Responds in some manner

The communication skills, knowledge, attitudes and

position within the particular social-cultural system of both
the source and the receiver will affect the “what” and the
“how” and the “response” in communication.
Communication in Teaching
and Learning
Message- information that is sent or expressed by the
sender. It is what is actually said or written.
Channel – the means or medium of conveying messages
such as through visual, auditory or tactile senses.
Receiver- also referred as the decoder, the person whom the
message is sent.
Feedback- helps to reveal whether the meaning of the
message is received.
The Message
 Message is an idea transformed into words. The
message can be expressed in different ways depending
upon the subject, purpose, audience, personal style
and cultural background of the sender.
Basic Principles that Govern
Classroom Communication
It relates to controlling the learning situation, directing the learning for the
students and coping with uncertainties. It can be defined as “managing the
classroom situation to ensure that an atmosphere is generated where the
most effective learning takes place from all of the students”

•Establish effective rules for class conduct

•Never use sarcasm or humiliate a student
•Address the management problem rather than attacking a
student
•Show concern for individuals and get to know their interests
Basic Principles that Govern
Classroom Communication
Eight C’s for effective communication are
• Contents of the Subject
• Clarity in teaching or communication
• Capabaility of the person who communicates
• Credibility of a communicator
• Channels of communication
• Creativity in communication
• Consistency in terms of teaching
• Continuity (regularity
Effective Communication
Following are some of the communication skills we must
possess so we can interact properly
 Positive Motivation This is one of the important
things that a teacher must possess. In a class,students
always have different kinds of taste and preferences
over subjects.
 Effective Body Language This is the most powerful
communication skill to possess. Good presentation
skills include a powerful body language supported by
verbal skills. This can create a long lasting impression
in the minds of the listeners.