Stoichiometry

Lancaster High School

Stoichiometry
“stochio” = ___________
“metry” = ____________

Stoichiometry is about measuring the amounts of

elements and compounds involved in a reaction.

Consider the chemical equation:

4NH3 + 5O2  6H2O + 4NO
There are several numbers involved.
What do they all mean?
Stoichiometry
4NH3 + 5O2  6H2O + 4NO
Recall that Chemical formulas represent numbers of atoms

NH3 __ nitrogen and __ hydrogen atoms

O2 __ oxygen atoms

__ hydrogen atoms and __ oxygen

H 2O atom

NO __ nitrogen atom and __ oxygen atom

Stoichiometry
4NH3 + 5O2  6H2O + 4NO
Recall that Chemical formulas have molar masses:

NH3 __ g/mol

O2 __ g/mol

H 2O __ g/mol

NO __ g/mol
Stoichiometry 4NH3 + 5O2  6H2O + 4NO
Recall that Chemical formulas are balanced with coefficients

4 X NH3 = __ nitrogen + __ hydrogen

5 X O2 = __ oxygen

6 X H 2O = __ hydrogen + __ oxygen

4 X NO = __ nitrogen + __ oxygen
Stoichiometry
4NH3 + 5O2  6H2O + 4NO

With Stoichiometry we find out that

4:5:6:4
do more than just multiply atoms.

4:5:6:4
Are what we call a ____ ratio.
Stoichiometry
4NH3 + 5O2  6H2O + 4NO

4:5:6:4
Can mean either:

4 _________ of NH3 react with 5 _________ of O2

to produce 6 __________ of H2O and 4 _________ of NO

OR
4 ______ of NH3 react with 5 ______ of O2
to produce 6 ______ of H2O and 4 ______ of NO
Stoichiometry Question (1)
4NH3 + 5O2  6H2O + 4NO

 Howmany moles of H2O are produced if 2.00

moles of O2 are used?

Notice that a correctly __________ equation is

essential to get the right answer
Stoichiometry Question (2)
4 NH3 + 5 O2  6 H2O + 4 NO

How many moles of NO are produced in the

reaction if 15 mol of H2O are also produced?
Stoichiometry Question (3)
4 NH3 + 5 O2  6 H2O + 4 NO

 How many grams of H2O are produced if 2.2 mol

of NH3 are combined with excess oxygen?
Stoichiometry Question (4)
4 NH3 + 5 O2  6 H2O + 4 NO

 How many grams of O2 are required to produce

0.3 mol of H2O?
Stoichiometry Question (5)
4 NH3 + 5 O2  6 H2O + 4 NO

 How many grams of NO is produced if 12 g of O2

is combined with excess ammonia?
Moving along the stoichiometry path

 Wealways use the same type of information to

make the jumps between steps:

_______of x _________of y

grams (x)  moles (x)  moles (y)  grams (y)

_____ ratio from

________________
Converting grams to grams

Many stoichiometry problems follow a pattern:

grams(x)  moles(x)  moles(y)  grams(y)

We can start anywhere along this path
depending on the question we want to answer

Notice that we cannot directly convert from

grams of one compound to grams of another.
Instead we have to go through moles and
mole ratio in the balanced equation.
Have we learned it yet?
Try these on your own - 4 NH3 + 5 O2  6 H2O + 4 NO

a) How many moles of H2O can be made using 1.6 mol NH3?

b) what mass of NH3 is needed to make 0.75 mol NO?

c) how many grams of NO can be made from 47 g of NH3?