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ƥ General Homma,
Homma, the commander of the
Japanese Imperial forces in the
Philippines, announced the ending of
American sovereignty in the country and
the beginning of martial law under a
Japanese Military Administration.
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ƥ To liberate it from the oppressive
domination by the Americans
ƥ To integrate it into their Greater East-
East-Asia
Co--Prosperity Sphere
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ƥ Signed by 23 prominent Filipinos to pledge

their obedience to the Japanese High
Command in the Philippines
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- refused to cooperate with the Japanese
- was captured in Cebu
Cebu,, was executed on
May 2,1942 in Malabang, Lanao
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ƥ was created as the temporary care-
care-taker
government of the Greater Manila area
and eventually of the whole Philippines
during the Japanese occupation of the
country during World War II.
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Interior-- Benigno S. Aquino
Interior
Finance-- Antonio de las Alas
Finance
Justice-- Jose P. Laurel
Justice
Agriculture & Commerce-
Commerce- Rafael Alunan
Education, Health & Public Welfare-
Welfare- Claro M. Recto
Public Works & Communication-
Communication- Quintin Paredes
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executive & legislative functions
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Vargas creating the City of Greater Manila
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ƥ They controlled the mass media to highlight the
values, virtues, & culture of the Japanese
people. They even depicted themselves as the
real allies of the Filipinos.
ƥ The teaching of Niponggo was made compulsory
in all schools.
ƥ Classes in Japanese language was opened in
both government and private offices.
ƥ Japanese authorities promised independence to
the Filipinos.
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ƥ Also known as Ơneighborhood associationơ

ƥ Formed to facilitate the distribution of
prime commodities among the people
ƥ In reality, it became a spy network as
members of this association were required
to report to authorities new residents in
their area & observe the activities of their
neighbor
• 9
ƥ Kapisanan ng Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas
ƥ Established by virtue of Executive Order No. 109
issued by Jorge Vargas (ex(ex--officio president)
ƥ Benigno S. Aquino (Vice President & Director
General)
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ƥ Promised the granting of Philippine

independence on the condition that they
manifest concrete evidence of cooperation
with the Japanese colonizers
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ƥ The principal task of this Commission was that of
drafting a constitution for an independent Philippines.
ƥ "$"0*"33 the members of the Commission
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signed the constitution
ƥ "$"0*"633 the approved charter was ratified
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by the members of KALIBAPI
ƥ "$"0*"<33 KALIBAPI members elected 54
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members of the Philippine National Assembly
ƥ "$"0*"33 inaugural session of the
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Commission
ƥ Jose P. Laurel (President of the second Philippine
Republic) & Benigno S. Aquino (Speaker of National
Assembly)
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ƥ Also known as Ơthe Japanese-

Japanese-sponsored
Republicơ
ƥ Was inaugurated on October 14, 1943
ƥ Recognized by several countries except
America & its allies
ƥ Even Filipinos refused to acknowledge it

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ƥ Shortage of food
food,, medicines and other
basic commodities needed to survive
ƥ Food rationing
ƥ An atmosphere of fear and anxiety esp. in
areas where there were guerillas
ƥ Torture and illegal disappearance
ƥ Brutality and lust for sex of the Japanese
soldiers