OM

SWASTY

ASTU
ENVIRONMENT FACTORS
OF ERGONOMICS

I D.P. SUTJANA
DEPT.OF PHYSIOLOGY
SCHOOL OF MEDICINE UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
 WHAT IS ERGONOMICS
MULTIDICIPLINE / INTERDICIPLINE APPROACH TO
FITT THE WORK POSTURE, METHOD AND
ENVIRONMENT

TO THE HUMAN ABILITY, CAPABILITY AND

LIMITATION

TO CREATE THE, HEALTHY, SAFETY,

COMFORTABLE AND EFFICIENCY OF THE
WORKING CONDITION

FOR INCREASING WORK PRODUCTIVITY, BENEFIT

AND SATISFACTION
 IN ERGONOMICS:
HUMAN AS A CENTRE
TO FIT THE JOB TO THE HUMAN
TO FIT THE HUMAN TO THE JOB

WHY:

THE HUMAN HAS:

ABILITY, CAPABILITY AND LIMITATION
WORK ENVIRONMENT

E H E H M

E M H E H M H E
H M H E M H
E M H E
 WORK ENVIRONMENT
PHYSICAL FACTORS:
– NOISE, VIBRATION, LIGHTING,
– TEMPERATURE, HUMIDITY, AIR VELOCITY
– RADIATION (NUCLEAR ENERGY)

CHEMICAL FACTORS:
– LIQUIDS,GASES, DUSTS, VAPOURS

BIOLOGICAL FACTORS:
– BACTERIA, VIRUS, PARACITIC, FUNGI

MENTAL PSYCHOLOGY FACTORS:

– HUMAN, ORGANIZATION

SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS:
– VALUE, ETIC, COMMUNICATION, TABOO
THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENT
BAD GOOD
QUICKLY FATIGUE DELAYED OF FATIGUE

LOW OF PRODUCTIVITY HIGH OF WORK PRODUCTIVITY

WORK RELATED DISEASES REDUCED OF WORK RELATED DS

WORKING ACCIDENT REDUCED OF ACCIDENT

INCREASED OF ABCENTISM REDUCED ABCENTEISM

INCREASED OF OPERATION REDUCED OF OPERATION COST

COST
INCREASED OF BENEFIT
REDUCED OF BENEFIT
INCREASED OF SATISFACTION
 WHAT THINK ABOUT
ENVIRONMENT
WHAT KIND OF ENVIRONMENT IN THE WORK
PLACES
WHAT IS THE VALUE / CONCENTRATION
WHAT IS THE LIMIT THRESHOLD VALUE
HOW LONG THE WORKERS CONTACT
ARE THEY USED PERSONAL PROTECTED
DEVISES
THE COMITTMENT OF THE MANAGEMENT TO
PROTECT THE WORKERS
ANY COMPLINT OF THE WORKERS
I. PHYSICAL FACTORS
1. NOISE
SOURCE :
MACHINES, TOOLS,
ECT

INTENSITY :
- DECIBEL (dB)

- LIMIT THRESHOLD
VALUE : 80 dB
 THE IMPACT
ACCORDING TO THE INTENCITY, DURATION OF
EXPOSURE

THE IMPACT:
– INTERFERENCE OF COMMUNICATION
– REDUCTION OF CONCENTRATION
– INCREASED OF BLOOD PRESSURE
– DISTURB OF GI TRACT FUNCTION

IMPAIRED OF HEARING:
– AFTER > 5-10 YR REDUCED HEARING ABILITY
– REDUCED THE THRESHOLD AT FREQ.4000 HZ
– DEGENERATION OF FILAMEN CORTI ORGAN OF
COCHLEA
 PREVENTION OF
HEARING DAMAGE
SOURCE :
– MODIFICATION OF MACHINES, TOOLS, ECT.
– TO REGULATE THE LOCATION OF MACHINE

TRANSMISSION :
– ISOLATION
– PARTICY/ BORDER
– ABSORBER

WORKER:
– ISOLATION
– PERSONAL PROTECTIVE DEVICE
– REGULER HEALTH EXAMINATION
 2. VIBRATION
SOURCE : MACHINES
VIBRATION LEVEL :FREQ. IN Hz
IMPACT TO : WHOLE BODY OR PART BODY
THE IMPACT ACCORDING TO:
– DURATION OF EXPOSURE
– VIBRATION LEVEL
– PART OF BODY EXPOSURE

THE HEALTH IMPACT:

WHITE FINGER, HEADACHE, LOWER BLOOD
PRESSURE, RENAULD DS
 PREVENTION
SOURCE :
– MODIFICATION OF MACHINES, TOOLS, ECT.
– MAITENANCE OF MACHINE

TRANSMISSION :
– ISOLATION THE SOURCE OF VIBRATION
– ABSORBER

WORKER:
– PERSONAL PROTECTIVE DEVICE
– REGULER HEALTH EXAMINATION
 3. CLIMATE
CLIMATIC FACTORS:
– AIR TEMPERATURE
– RADIATION TEMPERATURE
– AIR VELOCITY
– RELATIVE HUMIDITY

TOGETHER WITH:
– LEVEL OF PHYSICAL EFFORT
– TYPE OF CLOTHING
INDOR CLIMATE
 LAUNDRY

TEMPERATURE
HUMIDITY
 THE HUMAN BODY
NORMAL BODY TEMPERATURE: 37 C deg
RELEASE OF BODY TEMP:
– SWEATING, CONDUCTION,RESPIRATION,
PERSPIRATION, CONVECTION, RADIATION
COMFORT ZONE :
– TEMPRATURE : 24-26 C degree
– HUMIDITY : < 80 %
– AIR VELOCITY : 0,2 M/Sc
 HOT AND COLD CLIMATE
HOT :
– STRESSFUL TO HEART, LUNG
– BURNING, PAIN
– HEAT EXCHAUSTION, HEAT STROKE

COLD:
– PAIN
– FROST BITE
TO REGULATE THE CLIMATE
USE CROSS VENTILATION
USE SPARATE ROOM FOR COLD AND
HOT
FOR COLD STORAGE WORKER, USE
JACKET
AC
DURATION OF EXPOSURE
REGULER HEALTH EXAMINATION
 4. LIGHT
DAY LIGHT

INTENSITY

HOMOGEN

NOW SHADOW
 WHAT MUST BE KNOW
SOURCE: NATURAL, ARTIFICIAL

LIGHT INTENSITY IS THE AMOUNT OF LIGHT

WHICH FALLS ON THE WORK SURFACE,
EXPRESSED IN LUX

LUMINANCE (BRIGHTNESS): THE AMOUNT OF

LIGHT REFLECTED BACK TO THE EYES FROM
THE SURFACE OF OBJECTS IN THE VISUAL
FIELD, EXPRESSED IN CANDELA PER M2

ILLUMINANCE IS A AMOUNT OF LIGHT FALLING

ON A SURFACE
 LIGHT MINIMUM

STORAGE ROOM : 80 LUX

READING / WRITE : 250 LUX

PRECISE WORK : 700 LUX

VERY PRECISE WORK: 1000 LUX

 FOR OPTIMUM LIGHT
NATURAL LIGHT:
– SUN SHINE
– THE WINDOW : 1/6 FLOOR WIDE
– LOCATION OF WINDOW

ARTIFICIAL LIGHT:
– ELECTRIC POWER: WATT ?
– ELECTRIC : BALL, TUBE, SL
– LOCATION OF LIGHT SOURCE
 IMPROVE LIGHTING
INCREASE LIGHT INTENSITY
INCREASING THE CONTRAST
AVOID EXCESSIVE BRIGHTNESS
FROM : - LIGHT SOURCES,
- WINDOW,
- REFLECTIONS,
- SHADOW
 5. RADIATION
NUCLEAR ENERGY
X RAYS
IMFRA RED RAYS
ULTRA VIOLET RAYS
SHORT WAVE
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE
ECT.
 II. CHEMICAL FACTORS
CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE IN FORM OF:
- DUST
- LIQUIDS
- GAS
- VAPOURS
- SOLIDS
1.DUST IN AGRICULTURE
2. LIQUID (PESTISIDE)
IMPACT TO THE HUMAN BODY
ENTER TO THE HUMAN BODY:
– INHALED
– INGESTED
– CONTACT WITH THE SKIN OR EYES

THE SYMPTOMS:
– IMMEDIATELY, LATER STAGE

THE IMPACTS:
– IRRITANS, CARCINOGENS, MUTAGENS,
TERATOGENS
 TO CONTROLE
CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE

THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE

AVOID CARCINOGENIC SUBSTANCES
AVOID PEAK EXPOSURES
LIMITED EXPOSURE TO MIXTURES OF
SUBSTANCES
PACKED OF CHEMICALS SHOULD BE
LABELLED
USE PERSONAL PROTECTED DEVICES
USED EXHAUSTER
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
DEVICE (MUSKER)
 FOR THE WORKERS
PRE EMPLOYMENT EXAMINATION
REGULER EXAMINATION
STANDARD OPERATION & PROCEDURE
TRAINING
INSPECTION
MUTATION
 III. BIOLOGICAL FACTOR
BACTERIAL

PARACITICS

VIRUS

FUNGI
VETERINER
VETERINER
IV. MENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
(PSIKOSOSIAL FAKTOR)
HUMAN TO HUMAN : ETNICS, RAS,

ORGANIZATION

WORKING SCHEDULE
V. SOCIOCULTURE FACTORS
LOCAL VALUE

CULTURE

RELIGIOUS
WORK IN THE CRUISE
 MUDIK BEFORE IDULFITRI
ONE WEEK
BEFORE AND
AFTER IDULFITRI
RELIGIOUS
THANK
YOU
 STUDENT PROJECT
WHAT IS CALL “HEAT STROKE”, WHAT IS
THE SIGN AND SYMPTOM, AND WHY TO
MANAGE IT?
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
DEAFNESS DUE TO NOISE AND AGE
CAN YOU EXPLAIN WHY THE MOSLEM
WORKER DIDN’T ACCEPT TO USE MAKER
DURING WORKING AT DUSTING
WORPLACES?