PERTEMUAN 9

JEMBATAN DC&AC dan

APLIKASINYA
 PENDAHULUAN

• Sirkuit jembatan biasanya digunakan untuk mengukur nilai

komponen, seperti resistansi, induktansi, kapasitansi dan
parameter sirkuit lainnya
• Keakurasiannya sangat tinggi
 Wheatstone bridge
[CONTENTS]

• Photograph of the instrument

• Simplified schematic of the

bridge circuit------------------
• Operasi dasar R2
R x  R3
R1

• Measurement errors :
– Found in the limiting errors of the three known resistors
– Insufficient sensitivity of the null detector
– Changes in resistance of the bridge arms due to the heating effect of
the current through the resistors
– Thermal emfs in the bridge circuit or the galvanometer circuit (when low-
value resistors are being measured)
– Errors due to the resistance of leads and contacts exterior to the actual
bridge circuit
 Thevenin Equivalent Circuit

• Wheatstone bridge
configuration --------------------

• Thevenin resistance looking

into terminals c and d --------

• Complete Thevenin circuit,

with the galvanometer
connected to terminals c and d
• The Thevenin, or open circuit voltage :  R1 R2 
Ecd 
 E  
 1
R  R3 R2  R4 

R1 R3 R R
• The Thevenin resistance : RTH   2 4
R1  R3 R2  R4

ETH
• The galvanometer current : Ig 
RTH  R g
 Kelvin Bridge

• Wheatstone bridge circuit,

showing resistance Ry of the
lead from point m to point n
R1
Rx  R3
R2

• Basic Kelvin double bridge

circuit --------------------------
R1
R x  R3
R2
 Loop Tests with The Portable Test Set

• Murray-loop test, used for

locating a ground fault (short
circuit) -----------------------------
B
l x  2l
A B

• Varley-loop test: (a) no.1; (b)

no. 2; (c) no.3, used to locate
grounds, crosses, or short
circuits in multiconductor cable
R2
X1 
• 2 (b)
 Guarded Wheatstone Bridge

• Used for high resistance measurements

General Form of The AC Bridge

Z1 Z 4  Z 2 Z 3

1   4   2   3
 Comparison Bridges

• Capacitance comparison bridge

• Equating the real terms :
R2
R x  Rs
R1
• Equating the imaginary terms :
R1
Cx  Cs
R2

• Inductance comparison bridge

R2
L x  Ls
R1
R2
R x  Rs
R1
• Inductance comparison bridge with extended measurement range
• With the switch in position 1 : R
R x  R s  r  2
R1

• With the switch in position 2 : R x  Rs

R2
r
R1