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JIM KELLOGG
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA
Instructor
http://www.AndeanGeophysical.com
http://www.KelloggInternational.com
• Reflection
coefficients
and velocity
log used with
a zero phase
wavelet to
produce a
synthetic
seismic trace
Wavelet
• minimum phase wavelet = front loaded energy
i.e. at time zero minimum energy and elsewhere
maximum.
• zero phase wavelet has maximum energy at
time zero.
• Most seismic sources do not generate a zero
phase pulse, because that implies output before
time zero. For instance an air gun source
generates a minimum phase pulse. We can use
minimum phase wavelet for acquisition and
during processing convert to zero phase.
EFFECT OF WAVELET FREQUENCY ON
SEISMIC RESPONSE
• Which display do you prefer?
• Are the faults clearer in this display?
2.5 sec
• Or in this display?
CDP RECORDING METHOD TO
INCREASE SIGNAL TO NOISE
RATIO
• Common-depth-point (CDP) or
Common-mid-point (CMP) – reflections
recorded from the same subsurface
point with different offsets.
• Fold – number of traces
– 2 fold – 2 traces
– 96 fold – 96 traces
SEISMIC ACQUISITION
CDP-CMP METHOD
SEISMIC ACQUISITION
MIGRATION
• Migrated – restore dipping reflector to
correct subsurface position.