Professional Documents
Culture Documents
(Al-Baqarah:30)
TIGA PILAR KELESTARIAN BUMI
EKONOMI HIJAU vs. EKONOMI HITAM
the interdependence
and coevolution of
human economies
and natural
ecosystems over
time and space
www.arch.wsu.edu/.../sustain/cs-hecol.htm
ANALISIS EKOLOGI-
EKONOMI
Fokus issue:
1. Intergenerational
equity,
2. Irreversibility of
environmental
change,
3. Uncertainty of long-
term outcomes,
4. Sustainable
development
www.trp.dundee.ac.uk/library/pubs/set.html
Nilai ekonomi dari
natural-capital dan
ecosystem-services
sangat penting
dalam ecological-
economics.
Ecological economists
may begin by
estimating how to
maintain a stable
environment before
assessing the cost in
dollar terms.
www.environment.gov.au/.../report/overview.html
Tujuan utama
Ecological-
Economics (EE) :
Mengimplementasik
an pemikiran dan
praktek ekonomi
ke dlm realita
biofisik, seperti
hukum
termodinamika dan
sistem biologis.
Sumbangan sumberdaya alam bagi kesejahteraan manusia :
1. Provisioning services
• food (including seafood and game), crops, wild foods, and spices
• water
• pharmaceuticals, biochemicals, and industrial products
• energy (hydropower, biomass fuels)
2. Regulating services
• carbon sequestration and climate regulation
• waste decomposition and detoxification
• purification of water and
• crop pollination • pest and disease control
3. Supporting services
• nutrient dispersal and cycling
• seed dispersal • Primary production
4. Cultural services
• cultural, intellectual and spiritual inspiration
• recreational experiences (including ecotourism)
• scientific discovery
Enam Metode Utama dalam Valuasi Jasa-jasa Ekosistem :
Avoided cost
Services allow society to avoid costs that would have been incurred in the
absence of those services (e.g. waste treatment by wetland habitats avoids health
costs)
Replacement cost
Services could be replaced with man-made systems (e.g. restoration of the
Catskill Watershed cost less than the construction of a water purification plant)
Factor income
Services provide for the enhancement of incomes (e.g. improved water quality
increases the commercial take of a fishery and improves the income of fishers)
Travel cost
Service demand may require travel, whose costs can reflect the implied value of
the service (e.g. value of ecotourism experience is at least what a visitor is willing
to pay to get there)
Hedonic pricing
Service demand may be reflected in the prices people will pay for associated
goods (e.g. coastal housing prices exceed that of inland homes)
Contingent valuation
Service demand may be elicited by posing hypothetical scenarios that involve
some valuation of alternatives (e.g. visitors willing to pay for increased access to
national parks)
Ekonomi Hijau melingkupi:
1. Produksi green energy yng bertumpu pd renewable
energy untuk menggantikan fossil fuels
2. Konservasi energi menuju efficient energy use.
www.smashinggreen.com/tag/green-economy
Sektor-sektor Ekonomi Hijau yang Prospektif :
1. Renewable Energy
Renewable energy includes solar, wind, geothermal, and wave energy as well as bio gas and fuel cells.
2. Green Building
Construction has always been a big sector of any economy. Green buildings, whether commercial or residential, form a long term
sustainable impact on the environment as they are cost and energy efficient. Green buildings deal with things like alternative
energy paneling, waste management, earth friendly products, and water efficiency (during construction and after).
3. Clean Transportation
Transportation not only affects the economy but our everyday lives. Clean transportation means less dependency on fuel for
vehicles, trains etc. From hybrid and electric cars to public transportation – if it transports and sustains, it’s included in clean
transportation sector.
4. Water Management
Water is becoming a short resource day by day. Water recycling, rain water systems, water purification and storm water planning
has made the water management sector an important one for a green economy.
5. Waste Management
Waste management involves recycling of waste, salvaging, toxic remediation, sustainable/recyclable packaging etc. Any
technology that deals with how to get rid of waste or how to use it for other purposes is part of the waste management sector.
1. Clean Technologies,
2. Sustainable Energy Management (SEM),
3. Sustainable Water Management (SWM),
4. Sustainable Transportation Management (STM),
5. Sustainable Waste Management (SWM),
6. Sustainable Buildings Management (SBM)
7. Sustainable agriculture Management (SM)
8. Sustainable Forests Management (SFM)
www.cleanedge.com/.../reports-profits.php
TEKNOLOGI BERSIH
Profits and Potential
Clean technologies stand to provide significant relief to shortages in
energy, water, and other natural resources, while providing a path for both
developed and developing countries to address such pressing concerns
as greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation, resource scarcity, and air
and water pollution.
jongjava.com/.../565-membuat-pupuk-organik-cair
Sustainable Energy Management (SEM)
Energi Hijau
Green energy is the term used to describe sources of energy that
are considered to be environmentally friendly and non-polluting,
such as geothermal, wind, solar, and hydro. Sometimes nuclear
power is also considered a green energy source.
Green energy sources are often considered "green" because
they are perceived to lower carbon emissions and create less
pollution.
Green energy is commonly thought of in the context of electricity
generation.
Renewable energy certificates (green certificates or green tags)
have been one way for consumers and businesses to support
green energy.
Sustainable Energy
Management (SEM)
Energi
berkelanjutan :
1. Sumber energi yang
renewable: biofuels, solar
power, wind power, hydro
power, wave power,
geothermal power dan tidal
power.
www.ricksquires.com/.../
Sustainable Energy Management (SEM)
Efisiensi Energi
Efficient energy use, sometimes simply called energy
efficiency, is using less energy to provide the same level of
energy service.
Damless hydro systems derive kinetic energy from rivers and oceans without
using a dam.
Ocean energy describes all the technologies to harness energy from the
ocean and the sea. This includes marine current power, ocean thermal energy
conversion, and tidal power.
ENERGI SURYA = Solar energy
Areas where winds are stronger and more constant, such as offshore and
high altitude sites, are preferred locations for wind farms.
Typical capacity factors are 20-40%, with values at the upper end of the
range in particularly favourable sites.
ENERGI ANGIN = Wind power
Green Transport
Green transport includes:
Green transport is a category
of sustainable transport which Walking
uses human power, animal Cycling and some other types of
power and renewable energy. human-powered transport
Often the definition does not
include public transport which Solar powered vehicles
relies on non-renewable Wind powered vehicles
energy.
Sustainable Transport
A sustainable transportation system as one that:
Ecopolis (city)
An Ecopolis is a large city that follows ecological principles. The word
ecopolis is a portmanteau created from ecology (interactions between
living organisms and the environment) and polis (a city state).
Ruang Terbuka Hijau untuk
membersihkan udara kota
Sustainable Buildings Management (SBM)
GREEN BUILDING
Green Building, also known as green construction
or sustainable building:
Green building is
is the practice of creating structures and using
processes that are environmentally responsible the practice of increasing
and resource-efficient throughout a building's life- the efficiency with which
cycle: from siting to design, construction, buildings and their sites use
operation, maintenance, renovation, and and harvest energy, water,
deconstruction. This practice expands and and materials, and reducing
complements the classical building design building impacts on human
concerns of economy, utility, durability, and health and the environment,
comfort. through better siting,
design, construction,
Efficiently using energy, water, and other operation, maintenance, and
resources removal — the complete
Protecting occupant health and improving building life cycle.
employee productivity
Reducing waste, pollution and environmental
degradation.
The fundamental principles in green building :
ZERO-ENERGY BUILDING
A zero energy building (ZEB) or net zero energy building is a
general term applied to a building with zero net energy
consumption and zero carbon emissions annually.
Zero energy buildings are autonomous from the energy grid
supply - energy is produced on-site. This design principle is
gaining considerable interest as renewable energy is a means
to cut greenhouse gas emissions.
4. Supporting two carrier functions : a) water plays an active role in diluting and
transpiration wastes; and b) in the natural erosion and land processes of the
global water cycle;
5. Psychological function, which makes water bodies, water views, fountains and so
on fundamental components of human preferences and desires. Water also
plays a role in many religions and cultural activities.
SUMBER AIR : HUJAN
"Dan Yang menurunkan air dari langit menurut
kadar (yang diperlukan) lalu Kami hidupkan
dengan air itu negeri yang mati, seperti itulah
kamu akan dikeluarkan (dari dalam kubur)."
(Al Qur'an, 43:11)
Diperkirakan dalam satu detik, sekitar 16 juta ton air menguap dari bumi.
Angka ini menghasilkan 513 trilyun ton air per tahun. Angka ini ternyata
sama dengan jumlah hujan yang jatuh ke bumi dalam satu tahun.
RAIN WATER
Al A’raaf : 57.
Dan Dialah yang meniupkan angin sebagai pembawa berita gembira
sebelum kedatangan rahmat-Nya (hujan); hingga apabila angin itu telah
membawa awan mendung, Kami halau ke suatu daerah yang tandus, lalu
Kami turunkan hujan di daerah itu, maka Kami keluarkan
dengan sebab hujan itu pelbagai macam buah-buahan. Seperti
itulah Kami membangkitkan orang-orang yang telah mati, mudah-
mudahan kamu mengambil pelajaran.
Al Furqoon : 50.
Dan sesungguhnya Kami telah mempergilirkan hujan itu diantara manusia
supaya mereka mengambil pelajaran (dari padanya); maka
kebanyakan manusia itu tidak mau kecuali mengingkari (nikmat).
Pengelolaan Air Hijau Green water is a very
important resource for global
food production.
www.vito.be/.../RuimtelijkeMilieuaspecten/
Green water is ignored …
www.fao.org/docrep/R4082E/r4082e03.htm
KREDIT AIR HIJAU
Green water credits, however, are an opportunity to address this disparity
while enhancing ecosystem services for both farmers and downstream
stakeholders.
The International Soil Reference and Information Centre (ISRIC) is pioneering
green water credits, which it describes as:
A mechanism for direct payment to people in rural areas in return for water
management activities which are presently un-recognized and unrewarded.
Benefits to poor people drive this initiative which, at the same time, safeguards
water resources and food security for everyone.
With funding from the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC)
and the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), ISRIC is
developing a proof-of-concept project that creates financial incentives
for farmers in the developing world to better manage green water.
KREDIT AIR HIJAU
ISRIC is taking three steps to implement green water credits:
1. Quantification of the resource and how it can be optimized
by land use and management;
2.Valuation of its various uses and the costs of floods,
sedimentation, and the diseases caused by a lack of clean
water – enabling benefit cost analysis;
3. An agreed mechanism to:
In any house , this was done with an old wood barrel. It was
put beside the house and rainwater drained into it. We would
use this water to drink, clean the dishes and everything else
you can think of.
MEMANEN AIR HUJAN DARI ATAP RUMAH
www.solarhaven.org/WaterStorage.htm
MEMANEN AIR HUJAN DI TEMPAT JATUHNYA
www.libertyparkusafd.org/lp/BuildingGreenUSA/...
DIMANA HUJAN
JATUH ?
Fortunately it comes
FREE from the sky.
They still have not figured
out a way
to privatize rain yet.
Someone is actually
thinking about
those air space rights.
cutawayview.wordpress.com/.../
BAGAIMANA CARANYA
MEMANEN HUJAN?
Catch it in anything that holds waters.
Many landscape or garden stores can tell you where to buy
barrels. We have a wide variety, with some selling new barrels
and other selling barrels that have been recycled.
Landscapers and even one of the gutter installers rainwater
collection.
www.johnsonslandscaping.com/.../raingardens/
RAIN GARDENs
A rain garden is a planted depression that is designed to
allow rainwater runoff the opportunity to be absorbed from
impervious urban areas like roofs, driveways, walkways, and
compacted lawn areas.
A rain garden provides a way to use and optimize any rain that falls,
reducing or avoiding the need for irrigation. They allow a household or
building to deal with excessive rainwater runoff without burdening the
public storm water systems.
Rain gardens differ from retention basins, in that the water will
infiltrate the ground within a day or two. This creates the
advantage that the rain garden does not allow mosquitoes to breed.
Model Rain-gardens dgn aneka vegetasi
www.ci.des-moines.ia.us/.../rain_gardens.htm
KOLAM SISTEM SURJAN PENAMPUNG AIR HUJAN
www.ecotippingpoints.org/.../index.html
Berapa ukuran
Penampung air hujan?
www.ehow.com/how_5690870_create-fishpond-back...
Sustainable Forest Management
SFM
Forest management is the branch of forestry concerned with the overall
administrative, economic, legal, and social aspects and with the
essentially scientific and technical aspects, especially silviculture,
protection, and forest regulation.
This includes management for aesthetics, fish, recreation, urban values,
water, wilderness, wildlife, wood products, forest genetic resources and
other forest resource values .
www.umanitoba.ca/afs/ncle/Research
Projects.html
Sustainable Agriculture Management (SAM)
Principle 3. Principle 4.
Integration: Subsidiarity:
www2.le.ac.uk/.../whyrecycle/wasteandenvironment
HIERARKHI LIMBAH
The waste hierarchy refers to the "3 Rs" reduce, reuse and
recycle, which classify waste management strategies
according to their desirability in terms of waste
minimization.
The waste hierarchy remains the cornerstone of most waste
minimisation strategies.
Incineration
Some resource recovery takes place by way of manual labourers who sift through
un-segregated waste to salvage material that can be sold in the recycling market.
These unrecognised workers called waste pickers or rag pickers, are part of the
informal sector, but play a significant role in reducing the load on municipalities'
solid waste management departments.
PEMULUNG +
PROBLEMATIKANYA
PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH KOTA MALANG:
RESOURCES RECOVERY
Pengumpulan:
TPS - TPA
Kertas bernilai 9 jenis dgn harga
ekonomi masing-masing
Pemilahan:
Gradasi Logam bernilai 7 jenis dgn harga
ekonomi masing-masing
Sortasi
Pakasi Galss bernilai
5 jenis dgn harga
ekonomi masing-masing
Plastik bernilai
ekonomi:
Bahan organik
12 jenis dgn harga bernilai ekonomi
masing-masing Industri pengolahan
Kompos & Pupuk
Organik
METODE PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH
Daur Ulang
Proses vermi-komposting:
Dengan agen hayati Bakteri dan Cacing
PUPUK KOMPOS:
1. Nilai-pupuk yang tinggi
2. Bebas logam berat
Penjelasan undang-undang 18/2008 tentang asas nilai ekonomi
disebutkan: