John Crane Power Transmission

Chris Rackham
Coupling Product Manager

John Crane Power Transmission
“The significant problems we face today
cannot be solved with the same level of
thinking we were at when we created them”
Albert Einstein
COUPLINGS – THE MISSING LINK
Courtesy of Michael Calistrat

COUPLINGS – THE MISSING LINK
Machinery Classification and Coupling Types

What & How?
Metastream Flexible Metallic Couplings
What & Why?
Coupling Selection
What & How Big?
Couplings-The Basics
Rotating Machinery
Driven Connector Driver

Rotating Machinery “Driver”

 Turbines
• Gas
• Steam
• Water
• Wind
 Reciprocating or Hydraulic
• Diesel/ Gas
• Hydraulic Motors
 Electric Motors
• Direct on line (DOL)
• Star Delta
• Variable speed/variable frequency
Rotating Machinery “Driven”

 Centrifugal
• Pumps
• Compressors
• Mixers
• Fans
• Propellers
 Reciprocating or Hydraulic
• Gear Pumps
• Screw Pumps
• Piston Pumps
• Reciprocating Pumps
 Electrical
 Others
Rotating Machinery “Connector”
Connector
 Couplings
 Speed Changers
Couplings Modifiers
 Rigid  Gearboxes
 Flexible  Fluid Couplings
• Mechanical  Variable Speed drives
• Elastomeric  Belt drives
• Metal Membrane
• Miniature
• Resilient
All transmit power without change All change the drive

to drive characteristics characteristics
Rotating Machinery “Connector”

 Couplings
• Disc • Rubber Block
• Gear • Universal Joint
• Grid • Rigid
• Chain • Hose
• Diaphragm • Pin & Bush
• Elastomeric
 Speed Changer
• Fluid coupling • Belts
• Gearbox • Chains
• Variable speed • Speed / Torque Limiter
Why a Coupling ?
 Transmits Power or Torque
Power - HP or kW
Torque - lb-in or N-m
Duties from < 1 hp to > 140,000 hp
(0.1 kW to > 100 MW)
 Transmits rotation
In the beginning ... 5 RPM 15 RPM

10 RPM 20 RPM
Coupling
? ?
Misalignment !
Why a Flexible Coupling ?

 Accommodates Misalignment
Axial
Angular
Parallel offset
Coupling Types
Gear
 Requires Lubrication
 Transmits very high
torques
Coupling Types
Grid-type
 Requires lubrication
Coupling Types
Jaw
 Low torque
capacity
 Low end of market
Coupling Types
Elastomeric
 Medium speeds and
torques
 Maintenance free (??)
Coupling Types
Elastomeric (Tire)
 Medium speeds and
torques
 Maintenance free (??)
Coupling Types
Elastomer in Shear
 Similar to tire -
but unique element shape
 TB Woods major brand
Coupling Types
Metal diaphragm
 Instantaneous
failure
 Large diameter
Coupling Types
Disc couplings
 Excellent inherent balance
 Infinite life
Coupling Types
Assembled Disc Coupling
Flexible disc membranes

Flexible
Couplings
T Series
M Series
‘M Series’ ‘T Series’
Metastream T Series
 Markets
• Oil and gas
• Petrochemical
• Chemical
• Marine
• Power
• Paper and pulp

• General industrial
The original and still the best

Metastream T Series
 API 610
 Peace of mind reliability
 No wear
• maintenance free
• long life
 Scalloped discs for optimum performance
 Fail safe spacer retention
 Excellent inherent balance (meets AGMA Class 9)
 Factory assembled transmission unit
 Piloted design for accurate location
The original and still the best

Metastream T Series
T Series Anatomy
Flexing Discs
Guard Ring
Hub Hub
Spacer
Driver Shaft Driven Shaft
Transmission Unit
Metastream T Series
T Series Anatomy
Transmission Unit
Metastream M Series
 Markets
• Oil and gas
• Petrochemical
• Marine
• Power
Metastream M Series
 Unique style
 Disconnects drive on failure
 Ultimate in reliability
 No wear
• maintenance free
• long life
 Simple replacement of membrane pack
 Non spark option for hazardous areas
 Meets requirements of API 610
 Excellent inherent balance
Metastream M Series
M Series Anatomy
Membrane
Units
Hub Spacer Hub
Driven Shaft Drive Shaft
Transmission Unit
Metastream M Series
Membrane Unit Anatomy
Rivets
Retaining
Ring
Guard Rings
Center Fix
Bolted
Center Fix
Anti-fly Bush
Metastream T Series
John Crane
Power Transmission
The Best vs. the Rest
Advantages of Metastream
Feature Brand T Brand K

Cartridge Assembly Yes Yes Yes
Cartridge Assembly
Transmission Unit
T Series Installation
Hub Hub
Driven Shaft Driver Shaft

T Series Installation Complete
Hub Hub


Scalloped Discs Yes No Yes
Original disc design
‘Razor blade’ failure

Finite Element Analysis


Disc Prestretch Yes No No
Deflection
Driving
bolt
Driven
bolt
Disc link
(compression)
Disc link
(tension)
Disc Pre-Stretch
Original Pre-stretched
Assembly to Flange
Prestretch
Located Assembly
Pre stretches
Discs onto
Flange

Piloted Fits Yes Yes Yes
T Series Coupling
Flexing Discs
Guard Ring
Hub Hub
Spacer
Transmission Unit
Pilot Fits
Pilot
Hub
Guard Ring

Anti Fly Feature Yes Yes Yes
Anti-fly
Spacer Guard Ring
Anti-fly

Overload Collars Yes No No
T Series Coupling
Flexing Discs
Guard Ring
Hub Hub
Spacer
Transmission Unit
Overload Collars
Overload Collar

Optimum Washer Design Yes No ?
Fatigue Failure
Failure
Occurs at
Edge of
Washer
Optimum Washer Design
Maximum
Life
Washer Radius
Life
Optimum Radius
Washer Radius

Puller Holes Yes Note 1 Note 1
Note 1: Available option at additional cost

T Series Coupling
Flexing Discs
Guard Ring
Hub Hub
Spacer
Transmission Unit
Why are Puller holes supplied?

To aid in removing a hub from the shaft without causing
distortion common with ‘Jaw’ pullers.
Better?
NO!
Competition tends to put

puller holes in flanges.
Metastream puts puller

holes in the hub boss.

API 610 compliant Yes Note 1 Note 1
 API 610 Compliant without

modification

Installation/Removal Holes Yes Yes Yes
T Series Coupling
Flexing Discs
Guard Ring
Hub Hub
Spacer
Transmission Unit
Installation / Removal Holes Guard

Ring
Spacer
Hub bolts are used to
compress the gap between
spacer and guard ring. This
reduces the overall length
of the transmission unit
permitting installation /
removal.
What can be the problems with Installation /

Removal holes?
On short shaft separations the bolts can not be fitted

between the spacer flanges.
After the Coupling has been in operation environmental

conditions can cause the pilots to stick in position. This
can cause threads to strip before the pilots have
separated.
Screwdriver Slots Yes No No
T Series Coupling
Flexing Discs
Guard Ring
Hub Hub
Spacer
Transmission Unit
What does Metastream do?
We supply screw driver

slots at the pilot so that the
Transmission unit can be
removed in all situations.
What does the competition offer?

Nothing!
Protective Coating Yes No No
Does the coupling supplied have a

protective coating?
Metastream couplings are phosphate coated as

standard, to help prolong the life of the coupling.
Protective Coating Yes No No
Lifetime Guarantee No No No
Sorry, but unfortunately no coupling

manufacturer supplies couplings with a
Lifetime Guarantee.
High Performance Couplings
 API 671
 Pumps
 Compressors
 Turbines
Special Designs
Short DBSE
Coupling Selection
Coupling Selection
Essential Information for selection
 Driver
 Driven
 Power (HP or kW ) Normal / Max. Transient or Torque
(Nm or lbs.ft)
 Speed (rpm) Normal / Maximum
 Distance between shaft ends (DBSE)
 Driving and Driven shaft types and diameters
Coupling Selection
Special requirements
 Required Misalignment
• Axial Misalignment (in / mm)
• Angular deflection deg
• Parallel Offset (in / mm)
 Industrial or Customer specifications apply?
• (API 610, API 671, etc.)
 Is this a new or retrofit application?
• If retrofit, obtain mass elastic data of original coupling
Coupling Selection
Step 1. Metal or Elastomeric?

 Application limitations
• Speed > 3600 rpm: Metal
• High axial misalignment: Metal
• Torque fluctuations: Elastomeric
• Access for repair/removal: Elastomeric
 Environmental limitations
• Temperature > 300F: Metal
• Chlorine: Elastomeric
 Site specifications/preference
• API standards: Metal
• PIP/Chemical: Elastomeric
Coupling Selection
Step 1. Decide which type of coupling

design is required
Coupling Selection
Step 2. Select a suitable SERVICE FACTOR

 Knowing the DRIVEN & DRIVING machinery
 What is a service factor ?
• A multiplication factor applied to the nominal rating which
allows for CYCLIC TORQUE applied by certain machinery.
1. Steady Torque SF=1

(eg. Centrifugal compressor)
Time
2. Cyclic Torque
(eg. Reciprocating comp.)
SF=3
Time
Coupling Selection
Service Factors
LOAD CLASSIFICATIONS: SF
Continuous & uniform operation 1.0
(Infrequent starts/ Low starting torques)
Continuous operation with minor torque 1.5
fluctuations or frequent start/stop cycles
Torque loading varies during operation in 2.0
conjunction with some shock loading
Substantial torque fluctuations & heavy 2.5
shock loads
Coupling Selection
Step 3. Determine Coupling RATING
Determine the coupling Rating in HP/100rpm from the following

formula:
 Given: Power (HP) and Speed (rpm)
Rating = HP x 100 x SF
N
where
SF is service factor
HP is horsepower
N is shaft speed
Coupling Selection
Example
Motor to Pump
Motor 1500 HP
Speed 1780 RPM
Service Factor 1.0
Rating = 1500 x 100 x 1.0

1780
= 84.3 HP / 100 RPM
Coupling Selection
Example
Motor to Pump (Spare)
Motor 1500 HP
Speed 1780 RPM
Service Factor 1.5
Rating = 1500 x 100 x 1.5

1780
= 126.4 HP / 100 RPM
Coupling Selection
Step 4 Choose the coupling arrangement

required to suit the application
SINGLE BANK NON-SPACER

TNX, LSO, MHSO
CLOSE COUPLED
MODO
TSNC, TSE
Coupling Selection
Step 4 Choose the coupling arrangement

required to suit the application
STANDARD SPACER COUPLINGS

MHSS, MODS
LS, TSCS, TLCS,TSKS, TLPS
H-FE
MINIMUM OVERHUNG MASS

H-RE, T-DE
Coupling Selection
Step 5 Sizing
From the appropriate catalog select the coupling for the
calculated rating. Select a coupling with a higher rating:
eg.
Calculated rating: 85 hp / 100rpm
Select: TSCS 0740
TLCS 0750
Calculated rating: 126 hp / 100rpm
Select: TSCS 1400
TLCS 1050
Coupling Selection
Step 6 Speed
Check that the application maximum speed is within
the permitted range for the coupling.
Step 7 Dimension
Check that the hub maximum bore isadequate for each
shaft. Use a large hub or use a larger coupling if necessary.
Check that the DBSE is acceptable for the design chosen.
Truly Global Designs – Close Coupled
Inch TSN1 TSE1
Metric TSKC TSRC

Truly Global Designs – Spacer
Inch TSCS TLCS
Metric TSKS TLKS

What Do You Need?
 API 610
• AGMA Class 9
 Dynamic Balance
• Speed > 3600 RPM
• Diameter > 12.0 inches
• DBSE > 15.0 inches
 API 671
API 610 versus 671 Summation
API 610 API 671
 Pump specification  Coupling specification

 0.001- 0.003 inch TIR  0.0003 - 0.0005 inch TIR
 Balance only if specified  Several balance options
• Component
• Assembly check
• Assembly
Thank you for your time
Questions?

John Crane Power Transmission

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

John Crane Power Transmission

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chris Rackham

Coupling Product Manager

Courtesy of Michael Calistrat

Machinery Classification and Coupling Types

Driven Connector Driver

Rotating Machinery “Driver”

Rotating Machinery “Driven”

Rotating Machinery “Connector”

All transmit power without change All change the drive

Rotating Machinery “Connector”

In the beginning ... 5 RPM 15 RPM

Why a Flexible Coupling ?

Assembled Disc Coupling

Flexible disc membranes

• Paper and pulp

The original and still the best

The original and still the best

Driver Shaft Driven Shaft

Hub Spacer Hub

Driven Shaft Drive Shaft

Feature Brand T Brand K

Driven Shaft Driver Shaft

T Series Installation Complete

Driven Shaft Driver Shaft

Feature Brand T Brand K

Original disc design

‘Razor blade’ failure

Finite Element Analysis

Feature Brand T Brand K

Feature Brand T Brand K

Driven Shaft Driver Shaft

Feature Brand T Brand K

Feature Brand T Brand K

Driven Shaft Driver Shaft

Feature Brand T Brand K

Feature Brand T Brand K

Note 1: Available option at additional cost

Driven Shaft Driver Shaft

Why are Puller holes supplied?

Why are Puller holes supplied?

Why are Puller holes supplied?

Competition tends to put

Metastream puts puller

Feature Brand T Brand K

 API 610 Compliant without

Feature Brand T Brand K

Driven Shaft Driver Shaft

Installation / Removal Holes Guard

What can be the problems with Installation /

On short shaft separations the bolts can not be fitted

After the Coupling has been in operation environmental

Driven Shaft Driver Shaft

What does Metastream do?

We supply screw driver

What does the competition offer?

Does the coupling supplied have a

Metastream couplings are phosphate coated as

Sorry, but unfortunately no coupling

Essential Information for selection

Step 1. Metal or Elastomeric?

Step 1. Decide which type of coupling

Step 2. Select a suitable SERVICE FACTOR

1. Steady Torque SF=1

Step 3. Determine Coupling RATING