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Linear-motion Valves
Had a sliding-stem design that
pushes a closure element into an
open or closed position.
Simple design, easy maintenance,
and versatile with various sizes,
pressure class and design options.
Example: gate, globe, diaphragm,
three-way
CLASSIFICATION BY MOTION
Rotary-motion Valves
Used a closure element that rotates through a quarter-turn range to
open and block the flow.
Limited to certain pressure drops.
Prone to cavitations and flashing problems.
CLASSIFICATION BY FUNCTION
Categorized into three areas
1. On-Off Valves
2. Non-return Valves
3. Throttling Valves
On off valves..
Usedin mixing applications where a number of fluids are
combined for a predetermined amount of time (exact
measurements are not required).
Usedfor immediate shut down of a system when an
emergency situation occurs.
GATE VALVE
A gate valve is a linear motion valve used to start or stop fluid flow;
however, it does not regulate or throttle flow. The name gate is derived
from the appearance of the disk in the flow
Used when there must be straight-line flow of fluid w/ min. resistance.
The disk of a gate valve is completely removed from the flow stream
when the valve is fully open.
When the valve is fully closed, a disk-to-seal ring contact surface exists for
360°, and good sealing is provided
a partially open gate disk tends to vibrate from the fluid flow
GATE VALVE
GATE VALVE
Adv:
No flow restrictions.
Little Pressure drop.
Very little or no leakage.
Disadv:
It is not suitable for throttling applications.
It is prone to vibration in the partially open state.
It is more subject to seat and disk wear than a globe valve.
Repairs, such as lapping and grinding, are generally more difficult to
accomplish
GLOBE VALVE
Throttling Valves
Used for regulating the flow or pressure of the service
Can be moved to any position within the stroke of the valve
and hold that position, including the fully-open or fully-closed
positions.
Also provided with actuation system for greater thrust and
positioning capability (automatic control).
Example: pressure regulator varies the valve’s position to
maintain constant pressure downstream (close to decrease
and open to increase the pressure).
VALVES ACTUATION
Actuators are used for the automation of industrial valves.
The valves to be automated vary both in design and dimension.
The diameters of the valves range from a few inches to a few
meters.
Valve actuators are selected based upon a number of factors
including torque necessary to operate
the valve and the need for automatic actuation.
Classification of actuators
According to their source.
According to their movement
ACTUATION BY SOURCE
Piston actuators
Piston actuators are generally used where the stroke of a
diaphragm actuator would be too short or the thrust is too small.
The compressed air is applied to a solid piston contained within a
solid cylinder.
Piston actuators can be single acting or double acting, can
withstand higher input pressures and can offer smaller cylinder
volumes, which can act at high speed.
CONTINUE…
Electric actuators.
Electric power is used as source supply in Electric actuators.
Example: AC and DC motors.
Hydraulic actuators.
Pressurized fluid is used as source supply in Hydraulic actuators.
Example: piston actuator
Pneumatic actuators.
Pressurized Air is used as source supply in Pneumatic actuators.
Examples: piston actuators and diaphragm actuators.
PISTON ACTUATORS WORKING
DIAPHRAGM ACTUATORS
Diaphragm actuators
Diaphragm actuators have
compressed air applied to a flexible
membrane called the diaphragm.
Figure shows a rolling diaphragm
where the effective diaphragm area
is virtually constant throughout the
actuator stroke.
These types of actuators are single
acting, in that air is only supplied to
one side of the diaphragm, and they
can be either direct acting (spring-to-
retract) or reverse acting (spring-to-
extend).
ELECTRIC MOTOR ACTUATORS
Electric motors permit manual, semi-
automatic, and automatic operation of the
valve.
Motors are used mostly for open-close
functions, although they are adaptable to
positioning the valve to any point opening.
The motor is usually a, reversible, high
speed type connected through a gear
train to reduce the motor speed and
thereby increase the torque at the stem.
Limit switches are normally provided to stop
the motor automatically at full open and
full closed valve positions.
ELECTRIC MOTOR ACTUATOR
Valve Selection Considerations
1. Pressure.
2. Temperature.
3. Type of fluid.
A. Liquid.
B. Gas, i.e., steam or air.
C. Dirty or abrasive (erosive)
D. Corrosive.
4. Flow Considerations
A. On-off or Throttling.
C. Is the valve needed to prevent
backflow.
D. Concern for pressure drop.
E. Velocity.
5. Operating conditions
A. Frequency of operation.
B. Accessibility.
C. Overall space/size available.
D. Manual or automated control.
E. Need for bubble-tight shut-off.
F. Concerns about body joint leaks.
G. Fire safe design.
H. Speed of closure.