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Contract of Affreightment
Freight

Salient Points of a Bills of lading

Types of Bills of Lading

• Shipped bills of lading
• Received Bills of Lading
• Through Bill of Lading
• Stale Bills of Lading

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• Groupage and house bills of lading
• Transshipment Bill of Lading
• Clean Bills of Lading
• Claused Bills of Lading
• Negotiable bills of lading
• Non-negotioable bills of lading
• Container bills of lading
• Bill of lading in association with a charter party
• Straight bill of lading
• Negotiable FIATA combined transport bill

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• Shipped bills of lading
• The goods have been actually shipped

• Received bill of lading

• The goods have been handed over to the shipowner and are in
his custody.
• The buyer under a CIF or CFR contract need not accept such a
bill for ultimate financial settlement through the bank provision
has been made in the contract.

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• Through Bill of Lading
• To employ two or more carriers to get the goods to their final
destination
• Shipping companies issue such Bs/L
• Cover the whole transit and shopper deals only with the first
carrier
• Growing in popularity with the development of containerization

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• Stale Bills od Lading
• Bills presented to the consignee or his bank after the goods are
due at the port are said to be stale
• A cargo cannot normally be delivered by the ship-owner
without the bill of lading

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• Groupage and house bill of lading
• The movement of compatible consignments from individual
consignors to various consignee/situated in the same destination
• The goods are consolidated into full container load
• The shipping line issues a groupage to the forwarder
• This is the ocean bill of lading and shows a number of
consignment of groupage of a certain weight and measurement
in a cargo manifest form

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• The forwarder issues a house Bs/L referring to the ocean B/L
• merely receipt for cargo/not the same status as the Bs/L issued
by the ship-owner
• Shipper should clarify with the bank whether it is acceptable for
L/C purposes
• Advantages includes: less packing; lower insurance premium;
usually quicker transit; less risk of damage and pilferage and
lower rates

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• Transshipment bill of lading
• Issued usually by shipping companies when there is no direct
service between two ports but when the ship-owner is prepared
to tranship the cargo at an intermediate port at his expense

• Clean Bs/L
• Claused Bs/L
• Uncleaned
• Foul or claused

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• Negotiable Bills of Lading
• Non-negotiable Bs/L
• Container Bills of Lading
• Bills of Lading in association with a charter party
• With the development of combined transport operations, an
increasing volume of both liner trade and bulk cargo shipments
will be carried
• Involving the Bs/L being issued in association with a selected
charter party

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• Straight Bs/L
• Waybill
• Non-negotiable Bs/L

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