RETROFITTING OF DAMAGED RC

COLUMNS AND BEAMS

 Introduction
• There are many existing structures, which do not
fulfill specified requirements. This may for
example be due to upgrading of the design
standards, increased loading, corrosion of the
reinforcement bars, construction errors or
accidents such as earthquakes. To remedy for
insufficient capacity the structures need to be
replaced or retrofitted.
Retrofitting of Columns
 Introduction
• The concrete column is
the most critical structural
member in the building

• Failure of column can

cause the failure of the
whole structure
 Introduction
• Damages or destructions in concrete columns
occur due to heavy axial loads, earthquakes, fire,
explosion or chemical attacks
 Introduction
• In the process of repairing or retrofitting,
original strength of damaged columns is
renovated/restored

• For the repairing and retrofitting of damaged

RC columns, many innovative and
conventional techniques can be used
 Methods
• Conventional or ancient methods of retrofitting or
repairing includes:

Concrete Jacketing

Shotcreting

Reinforced Concrete Jacketing

Steel plate bonding

 Methods
• Innovative methods of retrofitting or repairing
includes:

Jacketing with Fiber reinforced polymer FRP

Sheets (Carbon, Glass or Aramid)

External post tensioning

Light Gauge Steel bonding

 1 RECENT RESEARCH
• Repair of Earthquake Damaged RC Columns with
Title FRP Wraps

• Hamid Saadatmanesh, Mohammad R. Ehsani, and

Limin Jin
Authors
• University of Arizona, USA

Journal
• ACI Structural Journal

Key • earthquake-resistant structures; fiber-reinforced

Words • concretes; repairs
1 RECENT RESEARCH
• An investigation was conducted into the
flexural behavior of earthquake-damaged
reinforced concrete columns
RC Column Properties
Column section (Rectangular) = 368 mm x 241 mm
Column section (Circular) = 305 mm (diameter)
Column Height = 2.41 m
Compressive Strength (fc’) = 36.5 MPa
Longitudinal Reinforcement Ratio = 2.48%
Yield Strength of steel (fy) = 358 MPA
1 RECENT RESEARCH
• Four column were tested to failure under
simulated earthquake loading (higher than a
severe earthquake)
1 RECENT RESEARCH
• Two columns were repaired with fiber
reinforced polymer (FRP) wraps and
retested under simulated earthquake loading

Damaged Retrofitted
Column Column
1 RECENT RESEARCH
1 RECENT RESEARCH
• Lateral Strength of earthquake-damaged
circular and rectangular columns were
increased upto 24% and 38% respectively
• FRP composite wraps are effective in
restoring the flexural strength and ductility
capacity of earthquake-damaged concrete
columns
 2 RECENT RESEARCH
• Hybrid jacketing for rapid repair of seismically
Title Damaged reinforced concrete columns

• Mostafa Fakharifar, Genda Chen, Arezoumandi

• Missouri University of Science and Technology,
Authors
Rolla, USA
• TRB Journal, 2014
Journal • Ph.D Thesis

Key • Columns, Repair, hybrid jacketing

Words
2 RECENT RESEARCH
• In this study hybrid jacketing, composed of
a thin cold-formed steel sheet, was wrapped
around the damaged concrete column
RC Column Properties
Column Section (Circular) = 610 mm (diameter)

Column Height = 4.242 m

Compressive Strength (fc’) = 44 Mpa

Longitudinal Reinforcement Ratio = 2.08%

Yield Strength of Steel (fy) = 418 MPA

 2 RECENT RESEARCH

• The original column

was tested to failure
under an incrementally
increasing lateral cyclic
load, while keeping the
axial load constant
(592 kN).
 2 RECENT RESEARCH

• Grouting material (4500 PSI or 31 MPa) is

applied on damaged surface of concrete column
2 RECENT RESEARCH

LGS Sheet Properties

Thickness of sheet = 1.27 mm

Yield Strength of Steel (fy) = 680 MPA

Tensile Strength = 771 Mpa

Diameter of Strand = 12 mm

Tensile Strength of strand = 281 Mpa

2 RECENT RESEARCH
• The hybrid jacketing comprised of thin cold-
formed sheet metal was wrapped enclosed by
prestressd strands
 2 RECENT RESEARCH
• Lateral Strength increased upto 15%

25
2 RECENT RESEARCH

• The hybrid confinement is effective in

preventing lap splice failure, improving the
flexural strength and ductility
• The proposed hybrid jacketing is lightweight
and recommended to be use in an emergency
repair technique for bridge piers
 3 RECENT RESEARCH
• Repair of fire damaged circular reinforced
Title concrete columns with FRP composites

• M. Yaqub, C.G. Bailey

Authors • The University of Manchester, UK

• Construction and Building Materials (ELSEVIER)

Journal

• Columns, Heat, Ultimate strength, Repair, fibre

Key
reinforced polymer
Words
3 RECENT RESEARCH
• An experimental work was conducted to
investigate the axial capacity of post-heated
circular reinforced concrete columns
repaired with GFRP and CFRP.
RC Column Properties
Column section (Diameter) = 200 mm
Column Height = 1000 mm
Compressive Strength (fc’) = 53 MPa
Longitudinal Reinforcement Ratio = 1.5 %
Yield Strength of steel (fy) = 553 MPa
3 RECENT RESEARCH

• Columns were
heated upto 500oC
in a electric Furnace
• The temperature at
the center of each
concrete column
was monitored using
K-thermocouples
3 RECENT RESEARCH

• After cooling down,

the columns were
removed from the
furnace and kept at
room temperature in
the laboratory until
testing
3 RECENT RESEARCH

• After surface preparation, the epoxy resin

mortar was applied to the specimen surface
• Then the FRP sheets were wrapped around
circular columns
3 RECENT RESEARCH
3 RECENT RESEARCH

• The strength of the post-heated column

repaired with a GFRP jacket was increased
by more than 122%
• The strength of the post-heated column
repaired with a CFRP jacket was increased by
more than 80%
• The GFRP or CFRP is very effective in
improving the compressive strength of fire
damaged circular columns
4 RECENT RESEARCH

• In this research program, most common

technique for repair and retrofitting of RC
columns is used
• In this method, the existing column cross
section is enlarged by an additional shell, that
is composed of longitudinal bars and
transverse ties
4 RECENT RESEARCH
150 mm
• Original size of RC
Column was 150mm x
150
150mm mm
• Normal Strength concrete
was used (3000 Psi)
• Height of Column is 900 mm
4 RECENT RESEARCH
45 mm 150 mm
• Cross section area of
one RC damaged
column and one RC 150 mm
Un-damaged column
is enlarged on two
adjacent sides, with 45 mm
constant material
properties
4 RECENT RESEARCH

• Damaged region of
column are removed and
buckled reinforcement
bars are make straight,
before application of
covering jacket
Retrofitting of Beams
 Introduction
• A beam is a structural element that
primarily resists loads applied laterally to
the beam's axis. Its mode of deflection is
primarily by bending.
 4 RECENT RESEARCH
• Retrofitting of reinforced concrete beams using
Title
composite laminates

• Yasmeen Taleb Obaida

Authors

Journal
• Construction and building materials

Key • Beams, Strengthening, Retrofitting

Words
4 RECENT RESEARCH
• This paper presents the results of an
experimental study to investigate the behavior
of structurally damaged full-scale reinforced
concrete beams retrofitted with CFRP laminates
in shear or in flexure.
4 RECENT RESEARCH
• The experimental results, generally, indicate
that beams retrofitted in shear and flexure by
using CFRP laminates are structurally efficient
and are restored to stiffness and strength values
nearly equal to or greater than those of the
control beams.
4 RECENT RESEARCH
• It was found that the efficiency of the
strengthening technique by CFRP in flexure
varied depending on the length. The main
failure mode in the experimental work was
plate debonding in retrofitted beams.
 4 RECENT RESEARCH
• Retrofit of Damaged Reinforced Concrete Beams
Title
by Using Steel Plate

• G. Arslan
Authors • F. Sevuk

Journal
• ASCE Journal

Key • Beams, Retrofitting, repairs

Words
4 RECENT RESEARCH

• From the experiments, it is confirmed that

continuous steel plates bonded externally to
the beam webs are effective for the flexural
strengthening of RC beams. It is observed that
the flexural strength increases with increasing
plate area.
50