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Water and Land Management Institute

(WALMI)
Aurangabad, Maharashtra
Participatory Irrigation
Management:
Community Led Extension

Dr. M. B. DHADWAD
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
SOCIAL SCIENCE FACULTY
WALMI, AURANGABAD
MOBILE NO.: 8411019985
E-MAIL: walmimbd@gmail.com
Structure of Presentation

I. Background
II. Contextualizing PIM
III. Training and Capacity Building
 Attitude and Behavioural training,
 Trainings specific to stakeholders
 Conflict Resolution
 PR & communication skills,
 Inter-personal relations,
दृष्टीक्षेप
60 Background
67000 75000
49.71
50 46.34 47.37 48.23
44.83
43.31
41.32
39.13 40.03
40 38.12 38.63

32.51
29.55 29.55
30 26.81 27.64 27.32
25.43

22.14
20 18.42
16.85 16.99

10

0
2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2013-14

IP Created IP Utilization
5
Water Use Efficiency of Irrigation
Projects

 WUEs at Project Level- 30 -35%

 Rise in irrigation efficiency by 5 % can


increase the Irrigation Potential by 10-15
Million Ha.
Rationale for PIM – Irrigation Vicious Circle

No Farmer Involvement Inadequate


Agriculture & Water
Use Extension
Low Performing Poor
Irrigation Dept. Irrigation
Service

Inadequate
Funding of
O&M
Irrigation: Virtuous Circle
Agriculture & Water
Use Extension
Good
New
Irrigation
Technologies
Service
Better
Sustained Crop
Irrigation Intensification &
Systems Diversification

Active
WUAS

Participation
&
Adequate Accountability
O&M

Ownership &
Sustainabilit
y
Irrigation Potential & Utilization
Scenario
 Total Ultimate IP of India- 139.9 Mha
Major & Medium Irrigation Projects-58.5
Mha
Minor Irrigation Projects- 81.4 Mha

 Gap in IPC & IPU-19% (Major & Medium


Projects)
Our Secured Water Future

2030 Water Resources Group


Our Secured Water Future

is dependent upon WUE & Productivity in Agriculture


2030 Water Resources Group
Our Secured Water Future

is dependent upon WUE & Productivity in Agriculture


2030 Water Resources Group
Nature of Farming

 Large no of small & marginal land


holdings
 Problem of Waterlogging & Salinity
 Unless the Marginal Land Holders
form some organization for adoption
of modern agricultural, irrigation and
other input management practices,
the productivity will not improve
How Canal Irrigation Management is
changing over time

Main-Stakeholder
Multi - stakeholder
(Farmer)
Democratic
Bureaucratic decentraliz Productive
Irrigation ation Current
Trends in
in the Demand
Irrigation
Civil Engr. past
Driven
domain Protective
Socio –technical
Irrigation
Engineering Solutions
Solutions Supply Multi-disciplinary
driven Agri, ICT, RS, GIS, etc

Governance Good Governance


PIM: BENEFITS TO FARMERS
• Water Entitlement
• Assured Supply of Water
• Freedom of Cropping Pattern
• Conjunctive Use
PIM: BENEFITS TO SYSTEM
 Sense of Ownership of Irrigation System
among Farmers
 Efficient Use of water
 Saving in Operation & Maintenance Cost
 Reduction in burden on field level staff
 Sustainable Management of Water
Resources
3. PIM: Present Status

WALMI AURANGABAD 5/15/2018


PIM-Present Status in India
 Policy and legal status
 “Efforts should be made to involve
farmers progressively in various aspects
of management of irrigation systems,
particularly in water distribution &
Collection of water charges..
 Assistance of Voluntary Agencies should
be enlisted in educating the farmers in
efficient water use and water
Management
-National Water Policy,1987
PIM-Present Status in India
 National Water Policy, 2002
“Management of the water resources
for diverse uses should incorporate a
participatory approach:
by involving various governmental
agencies and the users’ and other
stakeholders, in an effective and decisive
manner,
in various aspects of planning, design,
development and management of the water
resources schemes”
National Water Policy 2013:
Important provisions of PIM
i. This policy is more like a vision document.

ii. Point one & two: The gap between irrigation


potential created & potential utilised is
highlighted. This gap needs to be minimised
through efforts of PIM.

iii. The holistic & interdisciplinary approach is


missing in Water Resources Development.

iv. The public agencies do not consult the


stakeholders for planning & development of
water resources.
National Water Policy 2013:
Important provisions of PIM
V. Point 1-3: Public policies in relation to Water
Resources need to be governed by certain basic
principles.

VI. Ten principles identified for this purpose and


following are related to PIM:
1. Planning, development & Management of Water
Resources need to be governed by common integrated
perspective considering context of various levels: local,
regional, state & national.
2. Safe water for drinking & sanitation is first priority,
domestic needs: second priority, & food security is third
priority.
3. Community based water management should be
institutionalized & strengthened.
National Water Policy 2013:
Important provisions of PIM
 Point – 4.4:
- Stakeholders participation in land – soil – water WUA
management needs to be brought.

- Water pricing to be determined on volumetric basis.

 Point – 7.5:

- WUAs should have statutory powers to collect & retain portion


of water charges.

- WUAs can fix their water rates.

 Point – 15:
- Highlighted need for research and training.

 Formation of PIM Acts & Policies by Different states:


State-wise Position of Enactment of New
Act /Amendment of existing Irrigation Act
Sl. Name of Position of issue / amendment of Irrigation Act
No. State
1 Andhra Enacted “Andhra Pradesh Farmers’ Management of
Pradesh Irrigation Systems Act, March, 1997”
2 Assam The Assam Irrigation Water Users Act 2004
3 Bihar “The Bihar Irrigation, Flood Management and Drainage
Rules, 2003” under the Bihar irrigation Act, 1997
4 Chhatisgrah Enacted “Chhatisgarh Sinchai Prabandhan Me Krishkon Ki
Bhagidari Adhiniyam, 2006”.
5 Goa Enacted “Goa Command Area Development Act 1997 (Goa
Act 27 of 1997)
6 Gujrat Gujarat Water Users Participation Management Act, 2007
7 Karnataka Promulgated an Ordinance on 7th June 2000 for
amendment of the existing Karnataka Irrigation Act 1957.
State-wise Position of Enactment of New
Act /Amendment of existing Irrigation Act
Sl. Name of Position of issue / amendment of Irrigation Act
No. State
8 Kerala Enacted “The Kerala Irrigation and Water Conservation Act 2003”.
9 M. P. Enacted “Madhya Pradesh Sinchai Prabandhan Me Krishkon Ki
Bhagidari Adhiniyam, 1999” during September 1999.
10 Maharashtra “The Maharashtra Management of Irrigation Systems by Farmers
Act,2005”
11 Orissa Enacted “The Orissa Pani Panchayat Act, 2002”.
12 Rajasthan Passed the “Rajasthan Sinchai Pranali Ke Prabandh Me Krishkon Ki
Sahabhagita Adhiniyam, 2000”.
13 Sikkim “Sikkim Irrigation Water Tax 2002” and “Sikkim Irrigation Water
Tax (Amendment) Act 2008”
14 T.N. Enacted the “Tamil Nadu Farmers’ Management of Irrigation
Systems Act, 2000”.
15 U.P. Enacted the “ Uttar Pradesh Irrigation Management Act, 2009”
State-wise Number of Water Users’
Associations (WUAs) and Area
covered by them
Sl. Name of State Number of Area covered
No WUAs (‘000 ha)
. formed
1 Andhra Pradesh 10800 4169.00
2 Arunachal 39 9.02
Pradesh
3 Assam 720 47.04
4 Bihar 67 182.36
5 Chhatisgrah 1324 1244.56
6 Goa 57 7.01
7 Gujrat 576 96.68
State-wise Number of Water Users’
Associations (WUAs) and Area
covered by them
Sl. Name of State Number of Area covered
No WUAs (‘000 ha)
. formed
8 Haryana 2800 200.00
9 Himachal 876 35.00
Pradesh
10 J&K 39 2.758
11 Jharkhand 0 0
12 Karnataka 2557 1318.93
13 Kerala 4163 174.89
14 M. P. 1687 1691.88
State-wise Number of Water Users’
Associations (WUAs) and Area
covered by them
Sl. Name of State Number of Area covered
No WUAs (‘000 ha)
. formed
15 Maharashtra 1539 667.00
16 Manipur 73 49.27
17 Meghalaya 123 16.45
18 Mizoram 110 14.00
19 Nagaland 23 3.15
20 Orissa 16196 1537.92
21 Punjab 957 116.95
State-wise Number of Water Users’
Associations (WUAs) and Area
covered by them
Sl. Name of State Number of Area covered
No WUAs (‘000 ha)
. formed
22 Rajasthan 506 619.65
23 Sikkim 0 0
24 T.N. 1457 1176.21
25 Tripura 0 0
26 U.P. 245 121.21
27 Uttaranchal 0 0
28 West Bengal 10000 37.00
Total 56934 13527.94
PIM-Present Status in Maharashtra

 MMISF 2005 ; Rules 2006


 MWRRA MoM 2014- WUA formation
Schedule
Sr. Phase Time limit
No.
1 Notification as per clause 5 October 2014
2 Notification as per clause 6 April 2015
3 Formation of WUA October 2015
management Committee
4 Installation of Flow March 2016
Measurement devices
4. WUAs: Present Status in
Maharashtra

WALMI AURANGABAD 5/15/2018


WUA: Present Status

 Two Kinds- WUCs & WUAs


 Both Types- Functional &
Dysfunctional/Non-functional
 Three Stages-

1. Functioning

2. Agreement signed yet to be


functioning

3. Registered yet to sign Agreement


WALMI AURANGABAD 5/15/2018
WUA: Present Status
Sr. Project Nos CCA
No. (ha)
1 Formation Under MMISF Act 2005
A) Major & Medium Irrigation 1831 774550
projects
B) Minor Irrigation Project 414 171789
Total 2245 946339
2 Formation Under Co-operative Act.
A) Major & Medium Irrigation 2079 783057
projects
B) Minor Irrigation Project 753 288409
Total 2832 1071466
Total (1+2) 5077 2017805
WALMI AURANGABAD 5/15/2018
WUA: Functioning Stage
Sr. Project Nos CCA
No. (ha)
1 Formation Under MMISF Act 2005
A) Major & Medium Irrigation 1440 606662
projects
B) Minor Irrigation Project 237 101764
Total 1677 708426
2 Formation Under Co-operative Act.
A) Major & Medium Irrigation 1043 376203
projects
B) Minor Irrigation Project 403 160386
Total 1446 536589
Total (1+2) 3123 1245015
WALMI AURANGABAD 5/15/2018
WUA: Agreement signed yet
to be functioning

Sr. Project Nos CCA


No. (ha)
1 Formation Under MMISF Act 2005 Not applicable
A) Major & Medium Irrigation
projects
B) Minor Irrigation Project
2 Formation Under Co-operative Act.
A) Major & Medium Irrigation 207 80942
projects
B) Minor Irrigation Project 59 20686
Total 266 101628

WALMI AURANGABAD 5/15/2018


WUA: Registered yet to sign
Agreement
Sr. Project Nos CCA
No. (ha)
1 Formation Under MMISF Act 2005
A) Major & Medium Irrigation 391 187888
projects
B) Minor Irrigation Project 177 70025
Total 568 237913
2 Formation Under Co-operative Act.
A) Major & Medium Irrigation 829 325912
projects
B) Minor Irrigation Project 291 107337
Total 1120 433249
Total (1+2) 1688 671162
WALMI AURANGABAD 5/15/2018
4. PIM: Challenges

WALMI AURANGABAD 5/15/2018


 Attitudinal Problem
Risk of Tragedy of Commons
Threat of the rent seeking behavior
Degree of Participation of all
stakeholders
 Capacity of the Community
 Nature of rural infrastructures
 Strength of social institutions
New Approach, New Needs

I. Technology Transfer
II. Rehabilitation & Renovation
III. Training and Capacity Building
 Attitude and Behavioural training,
 Trainings specific to stakeholders
 Conflict Resolution
 PR & communication skills,
 Inter-personal relations,
New Approach, New Needs
IV. Support Services
I. Technical
II. Financial Empowerment
III. Infrastructure Development
V. Incentives
VI. Leadership Development

WALMI AURANGABAD 5/15/2018


SEVEN
COMMANDMENTS
GO TO THE PEOPLE
LIVE AMONG THEM
LEARN FROM THEM
LOVE VILLAGE PEOPLE
PLAN WITH THEM
START WITH WHAT THEY KNOW
BUILD ON WHAT THEY HAVE
Thanks !

WALMI AURANGABAD 5/15/2018

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