Study of Agitated Vessel

Researched by:
HAMZA JASM ZHYAR ARAZ
RYAZ HAMID DLSHAD JAMIL
HAREM ADNAN KARBIN KAMIL

Year 2017 - 2018

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Overview

• Objective
• Introduction
• Our Work
• Conclusion
• References

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Objective of the Project

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Introduction: What is Agitation?

• Agitation is the key to many heat and mass transfer operations

that rely on mixing.

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Introduction: Agitation Application

1. Blending of two miscible (e.g., NaCl and NaOH) or immiscible

liquids (e.g., ethyl alcohol and water).
2. Dissolving solids in liquids (e.g., salt in water).
3. Dispersing a gas in a liquid as fine bubbles (e.g., oxygen from air
in a suspension of microorganism for fermentation, or for the
activated sludge process in waste treatment).
4. Agitation of the fluid to increase heat transfer between the
fluid and a coil or jacket in the vessel wall.
5. Suspension of fine solid particles in a liquid, such as in the
catalytic hydrogenation of a liquid where solid catalyst and
hydrogen bubbles are dispersed in the liquid.

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Introduction: Agitator

• Mixing Equipment

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Introduction: Impeller Types

• Impeller types:

(a) Marine type (d) Flat blade paddle

(b) Centrifugal turbine (e) Disk Flat blade turbine (Rushton)
(c) Pitched – blade turbine

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Introduction: Impeller Types

• Impeller types:

(a) Marine type (d) Flat blade paddle

(b) Centrifugal turbine (e) Disk Flat blade turbine (Rushton)
(c) Pitched – blade turbine

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Introduction: Geometric Proportions

𝐷 1 𝐸
= =1
𝑇 3 𝐷

𝐻 𝑊 1
=1 =
𝑇 𝐷 5

𝐽 1 𝐿 1
= =
𝑇 12 𝐷 4

• B =number of blades on from the bottom of the

impeller tank
• R =number of baffles • J =baffle width
• D =agitator diameter • L =agitator blade length
• H =liquid height • W =agitator blade
width.
• T =tank diameter
• E =height of the agitator
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Introduction: Impeller Selection

• Method based on liquid viscosity and tank volume

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Introduction: Power Theory

• General dimensionless equation for geometrically similar

systems:
𝐷2 𝑁𝜌 𝐷𝑁 2 𝑃
𝑓 , , 3 6
=0
𝜇 𝑔 𝜌𝑁 𝐷
D = impeller diameter,
𝜌 = density,
𝜇 = viscosity,
𝛲 = power,
𝛮 = impeller rotational speed,
𝑔 = gravitational acceleration.

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Introduction: Dimensionless Numbers

• Reynolds number 𝑁𝑅𝑒 :

𝐷2 𝑁𝜌
𝑁𝑅𝑒 =
𝜇
• Determines whether the flow is laminar or turbulent,
• Froude number 𝑁𝐹𝑟 :
𝐷𝑁 2
𝑁𝐹𝑟 =
𝑔
• Important when gravitational forces influence the flow.
• Power number 𝑁𝑃 :
𝑃
𝑁𝑃 =
𝜌𝑁 3 𝐷6
• Power number correlation:
𝑎 𝑏
𝑁𝑝 = 𝐾 ∙ 𝑁𝑅𝑒 ∙ 𝑁𝐹𝑟

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Introduction: Power Curve

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Introduction: Power Curve

• Obserations:
• All impellers are seen to have reached a constant value of 𝑁𝑃 at slightly
above 𝑁𝑅𝑒 = 104 .
• In the laminar range a nominal slope of —1 is typical for all types.
• The flat-blade turbine, curves 2 and 4, shows a dip below the fully
turbulent value, but the transition range extends only from 𝑁𝑅𝑒 = 15 to
1500.
• The disk and curved-blade styles, curves 1, 3, and 5, extend the transition
range to about 10 4 and also show a similar dip below the fully turbulent
range.
• Curve 6, for pitched-blade turbines, has a shape like that of propellers
that have axial flow pattern.

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Introduction: Mixing Time
• To assess mixture quality mixing time is defined.
• By addition of a tracer until homogenization is reached
• Suitable tracers are pH changes, dyes and salts.
• The 95% mixing time is often used for this criterion
• 𝑡𝑚 the 95% mixing time,
defined by the last
measurement that lies
outside the 5% band of
the total concentration
change

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Our Work

• Autocad Design:

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Our Work

• The Agitator

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Conclusions

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References

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