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TOPIC:
HEAT ENGINE (4.1)

PRESENTERS:
• AHSAN KAZMI
(0051-ENGG-2016)
• AAMIR MURTAZA
(0054-ENGG-2016)
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PRESENTATION FLOW:

BASIC TERMINOLOGIES

HEAT ENGINE

CASES FOR HEAT ENGINE

EFFICIENCY

STATEMENTS FOR HEAT ENGINE

CONCLUSIONS

EFFECTIVENESS OF REVERSE HEAT ENGINE

HEAT PUMP

REFERENCES
 BASIC TERMINOLOGIES 4
 HEAT:
Heat is defined as the transfer of energy from one thing to another thing
by kinetic energy. Usually, heat causing a higher temperature.
 ENGINE:
A machine that changes energy (such as heat from burning fuel) into
mechanical motion. The vehicle that pulls a train. Something that is used
for a particular purpose.
 RESERVOIR:
The term “reservoir” is taken to mean an energy source at uniform temperature.
 HOT RESERVIOR (supply heat at higher temperature)
 COLD RESERVIOR(heat is rejected at lower temperature)
 HEAT ENGINE 5
• A heat engine is a system which operates continuously and across whose
boundaries flow only heat and work.
• A heat engine converts some thermal energy to mechanical work.

Heat engine is categories into two types;

 FORWARD HEAT ENGINE
 REVERSE HEAT ENGINE

FOR BOTH CASE WE USE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS;

∑𝑸 + ∑𝑾 = 𝟎 which means ,
𝑸𝟏 + 𝑸𝟐 + 𝑾 = 𝟎
 CASES FOR HEAT ENGINE 6

FORWARD HEAT ENGINE REVERSE HEAT ENGINE

 Forward heat engine is used for power  Reverse heat engine is used for refrigerator
production. or heat pump.
 Diagrammatic representation:  Diagrammatic representation:
 CONTINUED…….
FORWARD HEAT ENGINE
 By the first law heat supplied of 100
units equates to the work of 30 units
plus heat rejected of 70 units .
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REVERSE HEAT ENGINE
 By the first law 70 units of heat
supplied from the sink plus the work
input of 30 units is equal to the 100
units of heat rejected to hot sink.
 EFFICIENCY….. 8
THE EFFICIENCY 𝜼 OF THE HEAT ENGINE IS DEFINED AS

𝑶𝑼𝑻𝑷𝑼𝑻(𝑾𝑶𝑹𝑲)
𝜼=
𝑰𝑵𝑷𝑼𝑻(𝑬𝑵𝑬𝑹𝑮𝒀)

𝑻𝟏 − 𝑻𝟐 𝑸𝟏 − 𝑸𝟐
𝜼= =
𝑻𝟏 𝑸𝟏

The efficiency of heat engine depends on the temperature of hot and cold
reservoirs. It is independent of the nature of working substance. The larger the
temperature difference of two reservoirs, the greater is the efficiency .But “IT
never be one or 100%.” Unless cold reservoir is at absolute zero temperature
(T=0K).
 NUMERICAL…… 9
The turbine in a steam power plant takes stream from a boiler at 470°C and
exhausts into a low temperature reservoir at 77°.What is the maximum possible
efficiency?
SOL:
𝑻𝟏 − 𝑻𝟐 𝑸𝟏 − 𝑸𝟐
𝜼= =
𝑻𝟏 𝑸𝟏
𝑻𝟏 = 𝟒𝟐𝟕 + 𝟐𝟕𝟑 = 𝟕𝟎𝟎𝑲
𝑻𝟐 = 𝟕𝟕 + 𝟐𝟕𝟑 = 𝟑𝟓𝟎𝑲

𝟕𝟎𝟎𝑲 − 𝟑𝟓𝟎𝑲 𝟑𝟓𝟎𝑲 𝟏

𝜼= = = = 𝟎. 𝟓
𝟕𝟎𝟎𝑲 𝟕𝟎𝟎𝑲 𝟐

𝜼 = 𝟓𝟎%
 STATEMENTS FOR HEAT ENGINE
FORWARD HEAT ENGINE
 Statement for the second law of
thermodynamics:
“ It is impossible for a HEAT
ENGINE to produce a net
work output in a complete
cycle if it exchanges heat only
with a single reservoir.”
𝑾 = 𝑸𝟏 − 𝑸𝟐
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REVERSE HEAT ENGINE
 Statement for the second law of
thermodynamics:
“It is impossible to construct
a device that operating in a
cycle will produce no effect
other than the transfer of
heat from a cooler to a hotter
body.”
 CONCLUSIONS 11
FORWARD HEAT ENGINE REVERSE HEAT ENGINE
• In case of the forward heat engine • In case of reverse heat engine, it is
the second law implies that there possible to convert some
must always be some heat rejected mechanical work into heat.
to the low temperature reservoir.

−𝑾
𝜼=
𝑸𝟏
 EFFECTIVENESS OF REVERSE HEAT ENGINE 12
The effectiveness of a reversed heat engine is defined in terms of a co-efficient of
performance. (COP)

REFRIGERATOR CASE HEAT PUMP CASE

When the reversed heat engine When the reversed heat engine used
mainly used as a refrigerator then the as a heat pump then the cop is defined
cop is defined as : as :

𝑸𝟐 −𝑸𝟏
𝑪𝑶𝑷𝒓𝒆𝒇 = 𝑪𝑶𝑷𝒉𝒑 =
𝑾 𝑾
 HEAT PUMP 13
 A heat engine is a reverse heat engine. That is used to pump heat into a house during
winter months. A certain heat pump has a coefficient of performance equal to 3.5 and
has a power of capability of 2000 watts.
 USE OF HEAT PUMP IN WINTER :

𝑸𝑯
𝑪𝑶𝑷 =
𝑾
𝑸𝑯 = 𝑾𝑶𝑹𝑲 × 𝑪𝑶𝑷
𝑸𝑯 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎 × 𝟑. 𝟓
𝑸𝑯 = 𝟕𝟎𝟎𝟎𝑱
 CONTINUED…. 14
 USE OF HEAT PUMP IN SUMMER:

𝑸𝑳
𝑪𝑶𝑷 =
𝑾
𝑸𝑯 = 𝑸𝑳 + 𝑾
𝟕𝟎𝟎𝟎 = 𝑸𝑳 + 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝑸𝑳 = 𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎

𝑸𝑳
𝑪𝑶𝑷 =
𝑾
𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝑪𝑶𝑷 = = 𝟐. 𝟓
𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎
 REFERENCES 15
 APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS FOR ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGISTS
 PHYSICS 11 (PUNJAB TEXTBOOK BOARD, LAHORE)
 HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=BSC9PHGS4OI