Shahab Ahmad Khan 06 EEB 127

Reshadat Ali 06 EEB 158

Sharib Hussain 06 EEB 168

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Outline

 Introduction to Microgrid.
 Microgrid Operating Modes.
 The Need of Microgrid.
 Interconnected Microgrids – Power Parks.
 Environmental Aspects.
 Conventional Grid versus Microgrid.
 Advantages & Disadvantages of Microgrid.
 Future Directions on Microgrid Research.
 References.
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Introduction To Microgrid
 What is Microgrid?

 It is a small-scale power supply network that is designed

to provide power for a small community.

 It enables local power generation for local loads.

 It comprises of various small power generating sources

that makes it highly flexible and efficient.

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Introduction To Microgrid
 What is Microgrid?

 It is connected to both the local generating units and the

utility grid thus preventing power outages.

 Excess power can be sold to the utility grid.

 Size of the Microgrid may range from housing estate to

municipal regions.

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Introduction To Microgrid
 Microgrid Components

 Distributed Generation
 Loads
 Immediate storage
 Controller
 Point of Common Coupling

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 Typical Microgrid is shown below:

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 Pomelo, Indonesia - Village microgrid

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Microgrid Operating Modes
 Grid Connected Mode:

 Utility grid is active.

 Static switch is closed

 All the feeders are being

supplied by utility grid.

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Microgrid Operating Modes
 Island Mode:

 Utility grid is not supplying power

 Static switch is open.

 Feeder A, B, C are being supplied

by Microsources.

 Feeder D (not sensitive )

is dead.

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The Need Of Microgrid
 Microgrid could be the answer to our energy crisis.

 Transmission losses gets highly reduced.

 Microgrid results in substantial savings and cuts

emissions without major changes to lifestyles.

 Provide high quality and reliable energy supply to

critical loads
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Interconnected Microgrids
Interconnected Microgrids – Power Parks

 Practical size of Microgrids is limited to a few MVA.

 For larger loads, it is desirable to interconnect many

Microgrids to form a larger Microgrid network called
Power Parks.

 The advantages of this Microgrid structure insures

greater stability and controllability for the Power Parks.
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Environmental Aspects

 Microgrid encourages the use of the renewable energy

sources.

 Large land use impacts are avoided.

 CO2 Emissions are reduced.

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Conventional Grid vs. Microgrid

 Efficiency of conventional grid is very low as compared

to Microgrid.

 Large amount of energy in the form of heat is wasted in

conventional grid.

 Power sources in case of Microgrid (often referred to as

Microsources) are small and are located in close
proximity to load.

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Advantages & Disadvantages
 Microgrid Advantages

 A major advantage of a Microgrid, is its ability, during a utility

grid disturbance, to separate and isolate itself from the utility
seamlessly with little or no disruption to the loads within the
Microgrid.

 In peak load periods it prevents utility grid failure by

reducing the load on the grid.

 Significant environmental benefits made possible by the use

of low or zero emission generators.
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Advantages & Disadvantages
 Microgrid Advantages

 The use of both electricity and heat permitted by the

close proximity of the generator to the user, thereby
increasing the overall energy efficiency.

 Microgrid can act to mitigate the electricity costs to its

users by generating some or all of its electricity needs.

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Advantages & Disadvantages
 Microgrid Disadvantages

 Voltage, frequency and power quality are three main

parameters that must be considered and controlled to
acceptable standards whilst the power and energy balance is
maintained.

 Electrical energy needs to be stored in battery banks thus

requiring more space and maintenance.

 Resynchronization with the utility grid is difficult.

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Advantages & Disadvantages
 Microgrid Disadvantages

 Microgrid protection is one of the most important challenges

facing the implementation of Microgrids.

 Issues such as standby charges and net metering may pose

obstacles for Microgrid.

 Interconnection standards needs to be developed to ensure

consistency. IEEE P1547, a standard proposed by Institute
of Electrical and Electronics Engineers may end up filling
the void.
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Future Directions on Microgrid
Research
 To investigate full-scale development, field demonstration,
experimental performance evaluation of frequency and voltage control
methods under various operation modes.

 Transition between grid connected and islanded modes on interaction

phenomena between distribution generation and high penetration of
distributed generation.

 Transformation of Microgrid system today into the intelligent,

robust energy delivery system in the future by providing
significant reliability and security benefits.

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References
 A. A. Salam, A. Mohamed and M. A. Hannan. "TECHNICAL CHALLENGES
ON MICROGRIDS" (DECEMBER 2008)
http://www.arpnjournals.com/jeas/research_papers/rp_2008/jeas_1208_146.pdf

 S. Abu-Sharkha, R.J. Arnolde, J. Kohlerd, R. Lia, T. Markvarta, J.N. Rossb, K.

Steemersc, P. Wilsonb, R. Yaoc. "Can microgrids make a major contribution to
UK energy supply?" (September 2004)
http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/11276/1/Microgrids.pdf

 John Stevens. "Characterization of Microgrids in the United States", Sandia

National Laboratories (January 2005)
http://www.electricdistribution.ctc.com/pdfs/RDC_Microgrid_Whitepaper_1-7-05.pdf

 Robert H. Lasseter, Paolo Piagi. "Microgrid: A Conceptual Solution", University

of Wisconsin-Madison (June 2004)
http://www.pserc.wisc.edu/ecow/get/publicatio/2004public/lasseterpesc04us.pdf
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References
 "Integration of Distributed Energy Resources - The CERTS MicroGrid
Concept", Consultant Report (October 2003)
http://www.pserc.org/cgi-
pserc/getbig/researchdo/certsdocum0/certspubli/certsmicrogridwhitepaper.pdf

 "Why the Microgrid Could Be the Answer to Our Energy Crisis"

http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/137/beyond-the-grid.html

 "How a Microgrid Works"

http://science.howstuffworks.com/microgrid.htm

 “The Rise of MicroGrid Power Networks"

http://www.sustainablefacility.com/Articles/Feature_Article/58905d08bd629010VgnVC
M100000f932a8c0____

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 Thank You

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 Queries?

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