Machine And Equipment

Presented By:
Under The Guidance of Ms. Sharmila Sure Abhitosk Kumar
Ass. Professor, DFT Akhil Tyagi
Amar Kumar
Amar Nath Prasad
 Spreading
 Spreading is the process of superimposing lengths of
fabric on a spreading table, cutting table, or specially
designed surface in preparation for cutting process.

 Number of layers of fabric dictated by the number of

garments desired and the fabric thickness

 Spreading can be done by hand or machine.

Depending upon the fabric and cutting technology, up
to 200 layers of fabric may be cut at one time
 Pattern making.

 Grading (manual, miniaturization using a pantograph/

computerized).

 Making a lay plan ( half garment lay, whole garment

lay, single size lay, multiple size lay: sectional lay,
interlocking lay, mixed multi size lay).

 Spreading table is covered with a layer of brown

paper before spreading.
 Most common for spreading is one in which all the plies of
fabric in a lay are of same length under a complete marker
plan.

 It may contain different garments parts of same style of

same size or

 Garment parts of various sizes are scrambled so that the

garment pieces can be interlocked in the most commercial
way.

 Spread/ lay up is total amount of fabric prepared for a

single marker.
 Spreading Surfaces

 Spreading Tables

 Spreading Machines

 Fabric Control Devices

 Requires flat ,smooth surface.

 Smoothness is required to lower friction, can be

done using laminated top, tempered hardboard, or
compressed air floatation

 Determined by the fabric type, spreading

equipment, cutting method and firm’s quality
standards.
 Spreading and cutting can be done at the same surface.

 Available in standard widths corresponding to fabric

width.

 Needs to be about 10 inches wider than the fabric.

 Table tracks or rails are placed to synchronize

movement of spreading machine with fabric unrolling.
 Pin table

 Vacuum table

 Air flotation table

 Conveyor table
Pin Table

 It has rows of pin

located below the
surface to hold
fabric in precise
location.

Used for accurate

matching of
repeating pattern.
Vacuum Table

 It is used to
compress lay-up
and prevent
shifting or
movement
during cutting.

 Spread is
covered with
plastic film to
form a seal over
the lay-up.
Air Flotation Table

It reduces
friction and
allow easy
movement of a
lay-up onto an
adjacent cutting
area.

 Reduces stress
on the fabric or
the operators.
Conveyor Table

It is conveyorized
surface which
carry the fabric to
the cutting
machine in order
to save time.

 It may be used
with computerized
cutting systems,
large die pressers
and laser cutters.
 Spreading by hand

 Spreading using machine

 Fabric is drawn from package (if its a roll it can be mounted
on a fame and carried along the table where the end is
secured by weights and clamps).
 Fabrics commonly spread by hand are checks, crosswise
stripes other regularly repeating patterns, repeat designs are
placed at the interval of a garment length.
 Stacking up is done and then the lay is spiked onto sharp
spikes set vertically n the spreading table.
 Cost of hand spreading is partly offset by the ability to cut
fabric in bulk.
 Fundamental purpose of spreading machine is to
superimpose layers of fabric in a smooth, tension-free
manner for accurate and efficient cutting.

 Automatic spreading machine can spread up to 100-150

yards per minute.

 Spreading speed can only be utilized on long spreads

with few defects.

 It increases productivity, decreases variability, and is

cost-efficient.
 Manual spreading machine

 Semi-automatic spreading machine

 Automatic spreading machine

 Spreading machine For tubular knitted fabric

Manual Spreading
Machine

Fabric is pulled from roll by

hand

Edge alignment is done by

human operator

Mechanical devices may be

used to facilitate unrolling.

Suitable for short lays and

frequent fabric and color
changes.

Used for small businesses

Semi-automatic
spreading machine

Cloth unwound and spread

semi-automatically using
manually driven carriage.

Edge alignment is taken care

by built in mechanisms.

Suitable for long and broad

lays.

Very efficient and suitable for

small businesses.
Automatic spreading
machine

Moving carriage is fully

automated.

Equipped with photo

cells(alignment of selvedges),
fabric loading and threading
devices, cutting devices at
the end of the lay, a
platform(for operator to sit or
stand)

More efficient for large scale

enterprises.
Spreading Machine
For Tubular Knitted
Fabric

It is specially designed to lay

up tubular knitted fabric

 A specially designed former is

placed inside the fabric and
then threaded through two nip
rollers that feed the fabric on to
the spreading table.

The former ensures that

control is maintained over the
fabric tube and that no
differential movement takes
place.
 Mechanism that control fabric as it is carried up
and down the table and unrolled by the
spreading machine.

 It includes:
 Tensioning mechanisms
 Positioning devices
 Width indicators.
 End treatment systems
 Synchronizes the rate of spreading with the rate fabric is
unrolled.

 Covered roller- driven and timed to the movement of

the machine.

 Momentum of large roll is stopped when machine slows

down or stops.

 Different roll covers can be used for better gripping and

for different types of fabric and weights.
 Sensors monitor position and control fabric placement
during spreading.

 Electronic edge sensor monitor selvages as fabric is

spread.

 Any deviation is corrected by a motor that shifts the roll

to correct position.

 One-eighth inch tolerance is there with these devices.

 Sound an alarm whenever the fabric becomes narrower
than the established width.

 It is necessary to determine whether the fabric will fit

the marker or has to be removed as a defect.
 Depend on spreading mode: F/F or FOW

 F/F spread utilizes an end catcher and a folding blade.

 They are mounted on opposite ends of the fabric to

catch and hold the fabric as the blade shapes and
creases the fold.

 An overfeed device may be built that automatically

feeds extra material whenever a fold is to be made.
 FOW spread has a knife box and an end catcher.

 Knife box contains a cutting unit that operates in a track

and cuts across the fabric width when engaged.

 Each ply must be cut at the end of the marker.

 End catcher simply holds the fabric end in place for

cutting.
 End catcher with rods
 CLOTHING from fabric to fashion.

 Technology Of Clothing Manufacture : By Carr and

Latham.