DC MOTORS

Topics to be discuss..
 Introduction to DC MOTORS.
 Principles of operation of DC motor
 Working
 Construction
 Types of DC motors
 Applications
 Back emf
 Torque equation
 Characteristics and applications
 Significance of back emf
 Necessity of starter for DC motor
 DC MOTOR
• A DC motor or Direct Current
Motor converts electrical
energy into mechanical energy.

• A direct current (DC) motor is a fairly simple electric motor

that uses electricity and a magnetic field to produce
torque, which turns the rotor and hence give mechanical
work.
 PRINCIPLE OF DC MOTORS
• In any electric motor, operation is
based on simple electromagnetism.

• When a current-carrying conductor

is placed in an external magnetic
field, it will experience a force i.e.
Lorentz force.

• Due to this force torque is produced

which rotates the rotor of motor
and hence a motor runs.
 Principle Of Operation
 When a current-carrying conductor is placed in an external magnetic field, it
will experience a force i.e. Lorentz force
 If a conductor carrying current is placed in a magnetic field force acts on the
conductor ie. F=Bil Newton.

 Motors works on Fleming's

left hand rule.
• When the field winding is excited and its armature
conductors are supplied with current, they
experience a force tending to rotate the armature.

• By applying Fleming’s left hand rule, the direction

of the force on each conductors can be found out.

• It will be seen that each conductor experience a

force which tends to rotate the armature in
anticlockwise direction.

• These forces collectively produce a driving torque

which sets the armature rotating.
WORKING OF DC MOTORS
 DC Motor

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 Principle of Energy conversion

• “Energy can neither be created nor it can be

destroyed it can only be converted from one
form to another.”
AND
• “ Energy conversion is possible only if there is
some opposition whose overcoming provides
the necessary means for such conversion”.
DC Machine Construction

Figure General arrangement of a dc machine

 DC Machine Construction

Figure DC motor with poles visible.

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 DC Machine Construction

Figure Details of the commutator of a dc motor.

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 DC Machine Construction
Rotation
Ir_dc/2 Ir_dc Ir_dc/2
Brush Pole
winding
Shaft

|
1
2
8

3
N 7
S
6 4
5

Insulation Copper
Rotor Ir_dc segment
Winding

Figure Commutator with the rotor coils connections.

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 DC Machine Construction

Figure Cutaway view of a dc motor.

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 TYPES OF DC MOTORS
• DC motor are of 3 types they are…..

1. DC SHUNT MOTOR

2. DC SERIES MOTOR

3. DC COMPOUND MOTOR