Smart Card

Technical Seminar Presentation - 2004
National Institute of Science & Technology
Technical Seminar
on
Smart Card
Presented by
Rajashree Mohapatra
IT200163383
Under the Guidance of

Mr. Dutikrushna Panda
Presented By : Rajashree Mohapatra (IT200163383) [1]

What are Smart Cards?

Smart Cards are cards similar in shape

and size to a plastic credit card, containing
a microprocessor and memory (which allows
it to store and process data) and complying
with the ISO 7816 standard.
In layman’s terms a Smart Card is avery small computer

embedded on a plastic card

Smart Card Classification

SMART CARD
component Interface osused
contact java
MEMORY
contactless mulos
CHIP
Hybrid

Component Based Classification

Memory Card Architecture
EEPROM
I/O
Security Logic
Interface
ROM

Component Based Classification

Chip Card Architecture
ROM EEPROM RAM
Security Logic
CPU I/O Interface

Smart Card Components

Carrier: The basic material of which the card body is made.
• Carrier should be :
– Resistant to mechanical failure.
– Able to withstand high temperatures.
– Cheap
• PVC [Poly Vinyl Chloride], ABS [Acrylonitrile Butadiene
Styrene] and PETP [Poly Ethylene Terephthalate] often
used.
– PVC: All rounder
– ABS: Brittle but withstands higher temperatures
– PETP: High flexibility


Processor or the CPU

• Currently all processors are 8 bit ones with CISC
architecture.
• Typical Clock Speeds: 5 MHz.
• Reasons:
– Card Companies want proven modules.
– Lower power consumption.
– Area limitations.
• Future: Will slowly move to 32 bit architecture due to
JavaCards.

ROM: Read Only Memory

• Used for storing fixed programs. Holds the SCOS.
• Typically varies from 2KB to around 16 KB.
• Once written, cannot be changed.
• Occupies the least area.
PROM: Programmable Read Only Memory

• Used for loading card serial number.
• Very small, typically just 32 bytes.


EEPROM: Electrically Erasable Read Only Memory

• Used for storing data that might change. Similar to a HDD.
• Holds various applications and their data.
• Can be read or written to subject to permissions.
• Typically varies from 2KB to 32 KB depending on need.
RAM: Random Access Memory

• Used as temporary storage.
• Erased on power off.
• Typically varies between 128 Bytes to 512 Bytes.

I/O Interface: Input Output Interface

• Controls data flow to and from the card.
• Flow occurs one bit at a time in a half duplex manner.
• Typical Data flow rate is 9600 bits/sec.
Smart Card Area Restrictions

• Reasons for 25 mm2 restriction.
• How it effects component selection
Area required to hold 1 bit with various memories:

– ROM 10µm x 10µm = 100 µm2
– EEPROM 20µm x 20µm = 400 µm2
– RAM 40µm x 40µm = 1600 µm2

Smart Card Readers

• Smart Card by itself is useless. Requires a reader.

• Reader is often called the Read-Write Unit as it can read as
well as write to the card.
• Readers of two types:
– Insertion Readers: Cheaper, but manual.
[Card Swipe Machine]
– Motorized Readers: Automatic card capture and release. Costly.
[Bank ATM Machines]
• Cost of a reader varies from $10 to $100.
• Readers often come with keypad for entry of PIN.

Smart Card Standards
• Standards necessary to encourage interoperability.

• Main Standards connected to Smart Cards:
– ISO 7816
– EMV
– GSM
– OCF

Smart Card Applications

• Telephony
– Pre-paid Telephone Cards
– Mobile Telephony
• Financial Cards
• Health
• Transport
• Access Control

Advantages
• Chip is tamper_resistent.
• Information stored on the card can be PIN protected and/or
read write protected.
• Capable of performing data encryption
• Capable of processing info.
• Post_issuance update of information and application.

Disadvantage
• The biggest problem facing smart cards is security and the problem is
two fold. The first issue is that not all smart cards are in fact secure.
• The second issue with security involves public perception of the
technology. People must believe that the cards are secure. This
depends to a great extent upon actual security, but people must also be
convinced of it.
• A third issue concerns who holds responsibility for the card. If the
cash balance is wiped clean by a memory failure, who is liable, the
person or the bank? If a transaction is not recorded, where are the lines
drawn?
• The final problem which smart cards will face in their move to diffuse
extensively involves product complements

Thank you

Smart Card

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Technical Seminar Presentation - 2004

National Institute of Science & Technology

Under the Guidance of

Presented By : Rajashree Mohapatra (IT200163383) [1]

What are Smart Cards?

Smart Cards are cards similar in shape

In layman’s terms a Smart Card is avery small computer

Presented By : Rajashree Mohapatra (IT200163383) [2]

Smart Card Classification

component Interface osused

Presented By : Rajashree Mohapatra (IT200163383) [3]

Component Based Classification

Presented By : Rajashree Mohapatra (IT200163383) [4]

Component Based Classification

Chip Card Architecture

ROM EEPROM RAM

CPU I/O Interface

Presented By : Rajashree Mohapatra (IT200163383) [5]

Smart Card Components

Presented By : Rajashree Mohapatra (IT200163383) [6]

Smart Card Components

Processor or the CPU

Smart Card Components

ROM: Read Only Memory

PROM: Programmable Read Only Memory

Presented By : Rajashree Mohapatra (IT200163383) [8]

Smart Card Components

EEPROM: Electrically Erasable Read Only Memory

RAM: Random Access Memory

Smart Card Components

I/O Interface: Input Output Interface

Smart Card Area Restrictions

Area required to hold 1 bit with various memories:

Presented By : Rajashree Mohapatra (IT200163383) [10]

Smart Card Readers

• Smart Card by itself is useless. Requires a reader.

Presented By : Rajashree Mohapatra (IT200163383) [11]

Smart Card Standards

• Standards necessary to encourage interoperability.

Presented By : Rajashree Mohapatra (IT200163383) [12]

Smart Card Applications

Presented By : Rajashree Mohapatra (IT200163383) [13]

Presented By : Rajashree Mohapatra (IT200163383) [14]

Presented By : Rajashree Mohapatra (IT200163383) [15]

Presented By : Rajashree Mohapatra (IT200163383) [16]

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