Phase

Transformation
 Topic Outcome

• Calculate pure substances and multicomponent

systems

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 PHASE TRANSFORMATION
•When a substance undergoes a phase change (change in a
physical state), heat is added or removed from the material.
However, the temperature of the material remains unchanged.
•Allenergy that is released or absorbed during the phase change
is used to change the state of the substance. None is used to
alter the temperature.
•The heat of phase change for different processes is described by
the physical change.
•E.g: Heat of melting, heat of vaporization, heat of freezing, etc.

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 PHASE DIAGRAM

•Allchanges of physical state are affected by both

temperature and pressure.
•Gas state is favoured by low pressures and high
temperatures.
•Solid state is favored by low temperatures and high
pressures.
•Liquid state is favoured the intermediate conditions.
•A phase diagram shows a relationship between
temperature, pressure and physical state under a variety
of conditions.

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PHASE DIAGRAM OF WATER

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Critical Point Triple Point
Point where at this Point where three phases of a
temperature and substance can coexist (solid,
pressure, liquid and gas).
supercritical liquid At this point, a very slight
exists. change in temperature and/or
pressure can cause a solid to
melt, a liquid to vaporize, a
solid to sublime, a liquid to
freeze, etc.
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TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE EFFECT ON THE
PHASE CHANGE

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SINGLE SYSTEM PHASE DIAGRAM

Involves only one

component; i.e.
water, Fe, methane

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 Phase transition
• When any substance changes its physical state, it involves
enthalpy of reaction.
• The Clausius-Clapeyron equation can be used to determine the
heat of reaction.

P1 = vapour pressure at temperature T1 (Kelvin)

P2 = vapour pressure at temperature T2 (Kelvin)
ΔH = enthalpy of reaction of the substance
R (gas constant) = 8.314 J K-1 mol-1 or 1.987 cal K-1 mol-1

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 Example 1

The vapour pressure of water is 17.535 mm Hg at

20.0oC and 31.824 mm Hg at 30.0oC. Calculate the heat
of vaporization of water in this temperature interval.
Solution Ex. 2
BINARY SYSTEM PHASE DIAGRAM:
(LIQUID- LIQUID PHASE DIAGRAM)

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BINARY SYSTEM PHASE DIAGRAM

- Binarysystem
contains two
components.
Solid – liquid
- E.g:
phase diagram (2
components)

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