THE PHYSIOLOGY OF Tutut Nila

CARDIOVASCULAR 012116545

SYSTEM

UNISSULA
INTRODUCTION
 INTRODUCTION

Heart were the center of blood circulation

Every minutes heart pump 60-100 times per
minute
Blood circulation bring oxygen, carbon dioxide,
nutrition, hormone product, and injected
drugs.
ANATOMY OF THE HEART
 SHAPE AND LOCATION

Cone-shaped, top blunt (the base of the heart)

is also called cardiac base (anterior-inferior
base V)
Slightly tapered on the bottom called the apex
(superior-posterior C-II).
Approximately a size of a person’s dist
Locate inside the thorax, on the left side,
cover by costa under the mediastinum.
SHAPE AND
LOCATION
OF THE
HEART
 CHAMBERS AND ASSOCIATED GREAT
VESSELS
 4 hollow chambers or cavities
 2 atria – receiving chambers
 2 ventricles – discharging chambers or actual pump of the heart
 VALVES

 4 valves

 Pulmonary Semilunar valve

 Aortic Semilunar valve

 Tricuspid Valve

 Bicuspid/Mitral Valce
 THREE LAYERS OF HEART WALLS

 Pericardium
 Outmost layer
 Myocardium
 Consist of thick bundles of cardiac muscle twisted and whorled into
ring-like arrangements
 Endocardium
 A thin glistening sheet of endothelium
That lines the heart chambers
 CARDIAC CIRCULATION

Coronary Arteries
 provides the blood supply that nourishes the heart.
Coronary Sulcus (atrioventricular groove)
 this contains the trunks of the nutrient vessels of the
heart, and is deficient in front, where it is crossed by
the root of the pulmonary artery.
PHYSIOLOGY OF THE
HEART
 SETTING THE BASIC RY THM

 Muscle cells contract involuntarily

 Muscle cells in dif ferent areas of the heart have dif ferent
rhythms.
 Atrial cells – beat about 60 times / minute
 Ventricular cells – beat about 20 – 40 / minute
 CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART

 SA node → atria → AV node → atria

contract → AV bundle → bundle
branches → Purkinje fibers →
“wringing” contraction of ventricles (from
apex to atria) → blood is ejected
superiorly into large arteries
 CARDIAC OUTPUT

Is the amount of blood pumped by each

ventricle during a given period
Normal cardiac output – 5 ml per minute
Cardiac output : SV x HR
 STROKE VOLUME

Is the amount of blood ejected per heart

beat
Average resting stroke volume is 70 ml
and heart rate is 60 to 80 beats per
minute.
 AFTERLOAD

The amount of resistance to ejection of

blood from ventricle
 CONTRACTILIT Y

Is a term used to denote the force generated

by the contracting myocardium under given
condition
FACTOR THAT IMPLIES ON MUSCLE CELLS

Preload
Contractility
Afterload
Heart frequency
ANATOMY OF VASCULAR
SYSTEM
 FISIOLOGY OF THE
VASCULAR SYSTEM
PULMONARY AND SYSTEMIC
CIRCULATION
CONCLUSION
 CONCLUSION

 The heart is a vital organ in the body, if there is an

interruption in its activities and constraints of the
system will affect blood circulation in the body.
 To ensure continuity of circulation, the heart
contracts periodically. The working of the heart pump
is working unity that took place electrically and
mechanically system
THANK YOU