SVC Applications

INCREASE IN STEADY-STATE POWER-TRANSFER CAPACITY

Which is twice the maximum power transmitted in the
uncompensated case and occurs at δ/ 2 =90 degree

In other words, the midpoint-located ideal SVC doubles the steady-

state power limit and increases the stable angular difference
between the synchronous machine and the infinite bus from 90
degree to 180 degree.
If the transmission line is divided into n equal sections, with an
ideal SVC at each junction of these sections maintaining a
constant-voltage magnitude (V), then the power transfer (P′c) of
this line can be expressed theoretically by

The maximum power, P′c max, that can be transmitted along this line is
 ENHANCEMENT OF TRANSIENT STABILITY

An SVC significantly enhances the ability to maintain synchronism

of a power system, even when the system is subjected to large,
sudden disturbances.
 Synchronizing Torque

where M =the angular momentum of the synchronous generator

δ= the generator-rotor angle

Linearizing Equation
where KS = the synchronizing power
coefficient

the slope of the power-angle curve =

If the synchronizing torque KS is positive, the resulting system
is oscillatory with imaginary roots:

if the synchronizing torque KS is negative, the roots

are real.
A positive real root characterizes instability.
AUGMENTATION OF POWER-SYSTEM DAMPING
Shunt-Capacitance Resonance This resonance is
caused by the interaction between the series
inductance, contributed by the lines, transformers, and
generators, and the combined shunt capacitance,
contributed by line charging, power-factor-correction
capacitors, and SVCs.

This resonant mode is a feature of all transmission

networks; it is not specific to series-compensated lines.
The typical frequency range of this mode is 80–100
Hz;
The interaction between series capacitors and the total of
shunt inductors located at different intermediate buses
causes the shunt-reactor mode.

The frequency of this mode varies from several Hz to about

20 Hz, depending on the amount of shunt inductance. The
mode frequency increases during light load conditions, when
the level of shunt inductive compensation employed is quite
high.

This mode is usually associated with a very low damping, as

the only resistance that can introduce damping is provided
by the line and shunt reactor, both of which have small
losses (or high Q-factors).

Also, loads do not generate enough damping, for the low

series inductance of the line effectively appears in parallel to
them.
The impedance-versus-frequency characteristics of the study
system, as observed from the receiving-end bus and the SVC
bus, are depicted in Figs.

Figure 1 illustrates the effect of introducing series compensation

in lines in the absence of shunt reactors,

Figure 2 illustrates the influence of adding shunt reactors, R, in

the series-compensated network.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Damping of Torsional mode 3 with an SVC, where SHP= the
speed deviation of the HP turbine rotor mass; SG = the speed
deviation of the generator rotor mass; VT = the generator
terminal voltage; Qs = the SVC reactive power; TH−I =
mechanical shaft torque in HP-IP section; and TL-G = the
mechanical shaft torque in LP-GEN section.
Any SVC controller designed for SSR mitigation
must damp all the Torsional modes for all critical
levels of series compensation, as well as control
the induction generator effect–based SSR that
occurs at high levels of series compensation.

The SVC used for SSR mitigation offers the

following advantages:

As a shunt device, it need not carry the full

generator current, and it provides damping of all
Torsional oscillations, initiated by any means,
within the bandwidth of the controller.

In addition, it is insensitive to system frequency

variations.
PREVENTION OF VOLTAGE INSTABILITY