Professional Documents
Culture Documents
© 2014 Autodesk
Welcome to Autodesk Help Webinar Series!
YouTube Channel:
AutodeskSim360 – Build Your Simulation IQ
© 2014 Autodesk Slide Deck : https://autodesk.box.com/cfd10
November CFD Support Knowledge Articles
knowledge.autodesk.com
Week One:
How to modify a Boundary Condition with multiple variables assigned
How to run a phase change model that includes condensation
How to simulate the draining out of a storage tank in Simulation CFD
New model hangs when trying to launch from CAD into CFD
Warning: Heat exchanger does not affect humidity
Troubleshooting Articles – this is a new page focused around your most common
troubleshooting problems
http://knowledge.autodesk.com/support/simulation-cfd/troubleshooting#?sort=score
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Today’s Agenda
The Results
Some Pitfalls
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Why Talk
About Smoke Extraction? Image courtesy of
Smits van Burgst Groep BV
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Why talk about Smoke Extraction?
We listened
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Why is this important?
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Model Setup (CAD)
Image courtesy of
Smits van Burgst Groep BV
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Typical Scenario Outlet P=0
P=0 Inlet
Scalar = 0 Internal Fan = Real world flowrate
Temperature = Ambient
Jet Fans
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• The Two Main Approaches
Standard Approach
Internal Fan
Inlet
Alternative Approach (rarely used)
P=0
Temperature
Scalar =0
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CAD – Geometry Changes
• Keep things simple. Focus on the necessaries only:
• Walls
• Inlet/Outlet ‘cap’ – Seal the model
• Air domain (automatically created)
• Jet fans
• Fire source
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Model Setup (CFD)
Boundary Conditions Image courtesy of
Smits van Burgst Groep BV
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Boundary Conditions – Air Domain
Inlet: P=0, T=ambient, Scalar =0
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Boundary Conditions
Setting up the Fire in CFD - The Two Main
Approaches
Design specification typically provides the fire thermal output but if not…
Two methods for defining the Total Volumetric Heat Generation boundary condition from
NFPA 204 Standard for Smoke and Heat Venting Sec. E.3:
Q = m(hc)
Q = 37(L+1.02D)2.5
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Model Setup (CFD)
Materials Image courtesy of
Smits van Burgst Groep BV
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Setting up the Fan in CAD
Common jet fan design
Shroud It is useful to
have the fan
recessed like this
Fan
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Setting up the Fan in CAD
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Air Material Settings
• The quickest process here is to set everything as a solid initially
• Select the ‘Air’ and set it to ‘Variable’
• Air density can be set to vary with either temperature (typical) or
scalar (less useful here)
• This enables the air density to change with temperature – there
will be no natural convection otherwise
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Setting up the Fan in CFD - Materials
• Assign a fan material to the
solid fan part
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Setting up the Fan in CFD - Meshing
• The fan material requires a
uniform mesh with at least 4-5
elements from inlet to outlet
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Jet Fan Results Ideally we would
suppress the shroud
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Setting up the Fire in CFD - Materials
• The fire is a resistance part
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Setting up the Fire in CFD - Meshing
• The same principal as the Automatic Mesh
fan material applies here
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Meshing Regions in CAD and CFD
• Useful for refining the mesh
around the fire
• Ensure we capture flow
beneath the fire as it The mesh here is too fine to be practical but
recirculates it does show how useful the refinement
regions can be
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Smoke Visibility
General meteorological definition:
“Max distance at which a standard object can be seen and identified with
the unaided eye”
S = K / am mp
where
S = distance (ft)
K = proportionality constant based on type of sign
am = specific extinction coefficient (ft2/lb)
mp = mass concentration of particulate (lb/ft3) (Scalar value from CFD)
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Solver Settings
• AutomaticInnerIteration flag – allows CFD to move to the next time step within a
certain percentage change between inner iterations (here this is set to 5%)
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Solver Settings Control
• Solution Controls
• Intelligent Solution Control off
• Advection Scheme 5
• Result Quantities
• Visibility On
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Smoke Visibility Parameters
• Particulate Yield
• Particulate levels produced from
material combustion
• Proportionality Constant
• K value required for level of
signage visibility
Internal Fan
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Solver Settings - Physics
• Advanced
• General Scalar on
• Set the correct Diffusion Coefficient
• 1 x 10-10 m2/s is suitable for most fires
Smoke spreading is usually momentum-driven, which makes the actual diffusion coefficient less critical.
Using a higher diffusion coeff can cause a slightly higher spread but is often far more stable numerically. Try 0.2 cm2/s.
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Results
Image courtesy of
Smits van Burgst Groep BV
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Cut-plane Results Velocity
Smoke
Temperature
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Smoke (Scalar) Visibility
Scalar
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ISO Surfaces - Scalar
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Potential Pitfalls
Image courtesy of
Smits van Burgst Groep BV
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Pitfalls – Possible Divergence
• Ensure any P=0 openings are only going to have flow
travelling in one direction over them
• Time step size – often these models need to run for hours of
real-time
• Still need a small time step, especially initially (0.5,
0.25 or maybe even 0.1s)
• Not advised to stop and start the solver during a
transient analysis
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Customer Examples
Image courtesy of
Smits van Burgst Groep BV
© 2014 Autodesk
Customer Project: Morsons
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Customer Project: Smits van Burgst Groep BV
5 Minutes 10 Minutes
15 Minutes 20 Minutes
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Customer Project: Smits van Burgst Groep BV
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Autodesk Labs: Project Scorch
Project Scorch
https://beta.autodesk.com/callout/?callid=918F56ECC9684EC284991E1E1EBDA49F
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© 2014 Autodesk, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2014 Autodesk Slide Deck : https://autodesk.box.com/cfd9
How does CFD calculate smoke visibility?
S = K / am mp
Where S = visibility through smoke (ft)
Based on US Nuclear Regulatory Commission process K = proportionality constant
am = specific extinction coefficient (ft2/lb)
User defined variables mp = mass concentration of particulate (lb/ft3)
© 2014 Autodesk