MEASURE FOR

SUSTAINABLE
FUTURE
NATURAL FARM
 Is a complex, self-regulating, designed
ecosystem.
 Contains a large variety of interdependent
plants, animals, insects, birds and
microorganisms.
 Requires no chemical inputs and minimal
physical intervention.
 Utilizes and enriches local natural resources.
 Produces high yields with minimal inputs.
 ORIGINS
 Masanobu Fukuoka (1913–2008)
 Masanobu Fukuoka
 A Japanese farmer and Philosopher.
 Introduced in his 1975 book “The One Straw
Revolution”.
 Described his way of farming as 自然農法 (shizen
nōhō) in Japanese. It is also referred to as the:
 “Fukuoka Method", "the natural way of farming" or "do-
nothing farming".
 The title refers not to lack of effort, but to the avoidance
of manufactured inputs and equipment.
 Book: file:///C:/Users/Acer/Downloads/Natural-Way-
Of-Farming-Masanobu-Fukuoka-Green-Philosophy.pdf
NATURAL FARMING
When you get right down to it, there are few
agricultural practices that are really necessary.
The reason that man's improved techniques
seem to be necessary is that the natural
balance has been so badly upset beforehand
by those same techniques and the land has
become dependent on them.

-Masanobu Fukuoka, in
‘The One Straw Revolution’
Fukuoka's Principles
 No Tillage
 No Chemical Fertilizer
 No Pesticides
 No Herbicides
 No Pruning
 No Pollution
 No Artificial Heating
Fukuoka's Principles
1. No Tillage
- Use of earthworms, microorganisms and
small animals.

2. No Chemical Fertilizer
- Use of Natural Inputs:
a. Fish Amino Acid- Nitrogen
b. Egg Shells- Calcium
c. Animal Bones- Phosphoric Acid
3. No Pesticides
- Use of light, alcohol, aroma and
poisonous plant.

4. No Herbicides
- Uses the weeds rather than killing them.
- Grow the wild grass:
a. to prevents soil erosion.
b. holds moisture
c. propagates microorganism
d. produces organic fertilizer
e. improves soil ventilation and;
f. suppresses the pests.
5. No Pruning
-There’s no removal of certain parts of a
plant, such as branches, buds, or roots.

6. No Pollution
- Rice Straw, sawdust and fresh soil are
used for flooring.
-Do not need to clean the feces once.
They do not pile up and they do not smell.
-Utilizing the natural powers like the sun,
wind and microorganism, the floor is always dry
and fluffy.
7. No Artificial Heating
-Develop the animal’s natural
resistance against cold.
-Use heat from fermentation of
compost.
FERTILIZERS AND
PESTICIDES
Definition of Fertilizer
 Webster defines fertilizer as “any material,
as manure, chemicals, etc., put on or in
the soil to improve the quality or quantity
of plant growth”.
 Food of the plant that has nutrients.
Basic Forms of Fertilizer
 Granular – designed to be scratched into
soil, may also be water soluble.
 Powdered – designed to be dissolved in
water for liquid feeding to soil or foliage.
 Liquid – usually a concentrated form to
be mixed with water.
 Solid – usually ‘spikes’ to push into soil
around plant, very slow to dissolve.
 Types of Fertilizers
Organic
 Includes those which come
from once-living organisms.
All organic fertilizers tend to
have in common:
 Be very low in nutrient
content
 Be in a slow release form,
needing warm soil to do
so
 Have high levels of
carbon
 Slowly adds to level of
humus in soil.
Chemical
(Inorganic)
 Can be in granular, liquid,
powdered or solid form, are
composed of synthetic
chemicals and/or minerals:
 In general, all chemical
fertilizers are salts, which
can interfere with water
availability to the roots, if
too much builds up in the
soil
 Elements are quick
acting and readily
available
 Concept of Organic Farming
inputs
pest control
Natural
Avoid and farm Environm
usage of resources ent &
Synthetic Local
chemical farming
inputs system

Organic Farming

Biological Nutrients rich

diversity yield
 Organic Farming -- Benefits -- Why

•Improves soil structure

•Low input cost
•Natural controls of pests and diseases

•Prevents the soil erosion

•Premium quality product
•Pollution free approach
•Making available all the essential nutrients.

•About one million people suffer from pesticides

poisoning.
•20000 die every year due to the toxic effect of
the chemicals used in agriculture.
• The crop loss due to pest is still 15000 crores.
Methods

 Crop rotation

 Mulching

 Composting

 Green Manure
Crop Rotation

 Crop rotation means having

times where the fertility of
the soil is being built up and
times where crops are grown
which remove nutrients

 Crop rotation also helps a

variety of natural predators
to survive on the farm
Composting
 Compost is organic matter (plant and
animal residues) which has been rotted
down by the action of bacteria and other
organisms, over a period of time

 Compost improves the structure of the

soil

 Compost improves soil fertility by adding

nutrients and by making it easier for
plants to take up the nutrients already in
the soil

 Compost improves the soil's ability to hold

water

 Provide nutrients for plants but do not

improve soil structure
Mulching
 Mulching means covering the ground
with a layer of loose material such as
compost, manure, straw, dry grass,
leaves or crop residues.
 How to use mulches
o Always apply mulches to a warm, wet
soil
o Care should be taken as to the thickness
of the mulch applied
o To clear an area of land of persistent
weeds a layer of 10cm or more can be
used.
Green manures

 Green manures, often known as cover

crops, are plants which are grown to
improve the structure, organic matter
content and nutrient content of the
soil

 They are grown for their green leafy

material which is high in nutrients and
provides soil cover

 Green manures
o Improve the ability of the soil to hold
water
o Control soil erosion
o Improve soil structure
o Improve soil fertility
Inorganic V/s Organic farming

Inorganic
Organic Farming
Farming
Against Nature Harmony with Nature

Soil structure destroyed Soil structure improves

More chemical residues

No chemical residues
present in crops

Low quality produce Premium quality

Highly fluctuation in yield Satisfactory and reliable yield

 PLANT
NUTRITION
16 Essential Nutrients
for
Normal Plant Growth
 THREE (3) WAYS TO INCREASE
YIELDS
1. Select good genetic potential crop

2. Select the best management practices

3. Good environment conditions

 PLANT NUTRITION
 Theavailability and types of basic
chemical elements required by the
plant – to grow & reproduce.
 PRIMARY NUTRIENTS IN
AGRICULTURE
 Macronutrients – are needed/used in
large amounts

 N,P,K C, H, O, Ca, Mg, S

 PRIMARY NUTRIENTS
Nitrogen (N) – is needed
for vegetative growth
and dark green color.
(easily leached out)

Nitrogen is the most important

nutrient.

Deficiency signs –
reduced growth & yellowing of
lower leaves.

Yellowing is called Chlorosis

Phosphorus (P) – important
for seedling and young plant
growth and develop good
root system. (not easily
leached out)

 AKA – Potash

 Deficiency signs-
reduced growth, poor root
systems, reduced flowering.
Also thin stems and
browning or purpling of
foliage.
Potassium (K) – mined
as a rock and made into a
fertilizer – can be leached.

 Deficiency signs –
reduced growth,
shortened internodes and
some burn, scorched
marks (brown leaves).

 Too Much (K ) – can

cause nitrogen
deficiency.
PLANT TOXICITY
 If a plant receives too much nutrients.
SECONDARY NUTRIENTS
1. Calcium (Ca)
2. Carbon (C)
3. Hydrogen (H)
4. Magnesium (Mg)
5. Oxygen (O)
6. Sulfur (S)
 Where does the plant get C,H,O?
From the Air & Water
MICRONUTRIENTS
 They are used in small quantities – and
obtained from the soil. (excess amounts are
toxic)
 Boron, (B)
 Chlorine (Cl)
 Copper (Cu)
 Iron (Fe)
 Manganese (Mn)
 Molybenum (Mo)
 Zinc (Zn)
16 Essential Nutrients for
Normal Plant Growth

 The absence of any one essential plant

nutrient will cause the plant to grow poorly or
show signs of poor health

C Hopkns Cafe Mg (10)

 B, Cu, Cl, Mn. Mo, Zn (6)
PESTICIDES
• Are chemical substances used to kill
insects, fungi, rodents, weeds or other
living things which are harmful to plants,
animals or foodstuffs.

• Pesticides function as poisons for the

important biological process of insects,
fungi etc. which lead to the death of these
organisms.
CLASSIFICATION OF PESTICIDES
 Depending upon the purpose for which the
pesticides are used, they are classified as
follows.
1. Insecticides
2. Herbicide
3. Fungicides
4. Algaecide
5. Molluscicides
6. Miticides
7. Rodenticides
8. Nematocides
CLASSIFICATION OF PESTICIDES
1. Insecticides
- Chemicals used to kill the insects.
2. Herbicides
- Used to destroy weeds (destroy the growth
of plants).
3. Fungicides
- Chemicals which are used to prevent the
growth of fungi or eradicate fungal diseases of
plants. Examples: Lime, Sulphur and Formalin.
4. Rodenticides
- These are chemicals used to kill rats and
mice which destroy crops and spread diseases.
-Eg: Sodium fluoroacetate, Zinc phosphide
etc.
 5. Algaecide
- These are chemicals added to water to destroy
algae. Eg: copper sulphate
6. Molluscicides
-These are chemicals used to destroy mollusks
like snails , slugs etc. Eg: Copper sulphate, metaldehyde
etc
7. Miticides
-Chemicals used to destroy mites are called
miticides . Eg: organo phosphates.
8. Nematocides
-These are chemicals used for the destruction of
nematodes like round worms, thread worms etc.
Eg: dimethoate
SUSTAINABILITY
 Involving methods that do not
completely use up or destroy natural
resources.
MEASURES OF SUSTAINABILITY

1. 3r’s
Think about this three
ways:
–Reduce the amount of
the Earth's resources that
we use.
–Reuse Don't just bin it,
could someone else make
use of it?
–Recycle Can the
materials be made into
something new?
3r’s
 Reduce- to make something smaller or
use less, resulting in a smaller amount of
waste.
 Reuse- to use again or more than once.
 Recycle- to convert materials/waste into
reusable material.
2. Technology
 Instantaccess to information.
 Communication at a click.
 Bulk processing without human
intervention.
 Globalization of resources due to
collaborative effort.
 Common rostrum for debate, deliberation,
and problem-solving.
3. Eco-Friendly
3 R’s of Waste Hierarchy
 Conserve Water and Electricity
 Plant More Trees
 Protect Local Water Sources
 Drive Less, Walk More
 Buy Energy Efficient Products
 Buy locally Grown Products
 Prevent Littering
 Buy Recycled Products
 Join Environmental Groups
4. Promotion of Environment
Awareness
 Green Blog
Social Media
 Green Club
5. Utilization of Indigenous Material
6. Improving the Quality of Life
-It opposes human exploitation on life. Ironical it
may sound; respecting the nature of the life is the best
way to achieve top quality and yield. We prevent
disease rather than curing with medicines.