COMBINED EFFECT OF FLY ASH AND RICE

HUSK ASH ON CEMENT CONCRETE

SUBMITTED TO : SUBMITTED BY :
Dr. Sanket Nayak Saurabh Kumar Singh
Dr. Tanish Dey Admn. No.: 17MTOO1965
 CONTENT

• Introduction
• History
• Purpose
• Experimental tests
• Experimental programme
• Conclusion
• References
 INTRODUCTION

• RHA use in the civil construction field may be a viable solution to

its disposal as waste on the environment

• The process was investigated by Mehta [1977], who observed that

it was possible to obtain ashes rich in silica depending on the
combustion conditions.

• In this case, highly pozzolanic ashes would be obtained, which

would be adequate for partial substitution of Portland cement.
Continued…..

• RHA produced after burning of Rice husks (RH) has

high reactivity and pozzolanic property.

• Chemical compositions of RHA are affected due to

burning process and depends on temperature too.

• Silica content in the ash increases with higher the

burning temperature.
 HISTORY

Traditionally, rice husk has been considered as a waste material and has
generally been disposed of by dumping or burning, although some has been
used as a low-grade fuel.

Nevertheless, RHA has been successfully used as a pozzolana in commercial

production in a number of countries including India. RHA use in the civil
construction field may be a viable solution to its disposal as waste on the
environment.

Interest in RHA utilization by the construction industry is not new.

Continued….

The process was investigated by Mehta [1977], who observed that it was
possible to obtain ashes rich in silica (in crystalline or glassy state)
depending on the combustion conditions.

In the glassy silica case, highly pozzolanic ashes would be obtained, which
would be adequate for partial substitution of Portland cement.

During milling of paddy about 78% of weight is received as rice and 22% of
paddy is received as husk. After burning 75% organic volatile matter. The
balance 25% of this husk is converted into ash.85 to 90% amorphous silica.

For 1000kg of paddy mill about 220kg (22%) of husk is produced . When
burnt into boilers about 55kg (25%) of RH is computed as RHA
 PURPOSE

• Farmers used to open burning of the husk left after cutting of

their crops.

• So this leads to rise in green house gases and huge air pollution
around the atmosphere hence effect the health of the humans,
plants and animals and also affect the ecosystem.

• This will also lead to rise in SPM & RSPM which will generally
lead to respiration disease and swelling of respiratory tracts,
lungs cancer.
• Hence the alternative of these above problems is to use this rice husk
ash as a component material in concrete.

• This ash add to the concrete by replacing the cement content and form
the same compressive strength but decreasing the ratio of cement and
also make the concrete economical.

• The husk waste is used in a better way in construction materials instead

of disposing it leads to pollution.
The main purpose of this project are as follows :

• Eco-friendly
• Reduction in cement content
• Easily available
• Use of waste material
• Strength achieving
• Economy
 Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3

Rice husk Ash after burning Ash after

grinding
 TABLE 1: CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CEMENT (OPC), FLY ASH AND
RHA

Materials SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO LOI SO3 K2 O Na2O3

Cement 19.71 5.20 3.73 62.91 2.54 0.96 2.72 0.90 0.25

Fly Ash 40 25 6 20 3.71 3.0 1.74 0.80 0.96

Rice 78.21 0.99 4.89 -------- -------- -------- ---------

Husk Ash
(SiO2+ Al2O3+ -
Fe2O3)
=82.64
 EXPERIMENTAL TESTS

Cement: -

• Sieve Analysis Test

• Standard Consistency ( Vicat Apparatus)
• Soundness Test (Autoclave Expansion Method)
• Compressive Strength Test
Concrete: -

• Workability Test (Slump Test)

• Compression Test

• Split Tensile Strength Test

• Flexural Strength Test

 Experimental Programme

Ordinary Portland Cement

OPC 43 grade cement is used for this whole experimental study.

Ordinary Portland cement of 43 grade were tested for different tests and physical test
results on OPC were as follows:
1) Normal consistency = 22%
2) Initial Setting time = 23 min.
3) Final Setting Time = 365 min
4) Specific Gravity = 3.15
TABLE 2 : MIX PROPORTIONS FOR M25 GRADE CONCRETE

MATERIAL QUANTITY PROPORTION

Cement 435.45 Kg/m3 1

Sand 476 Kg/ m3 1.1

Coarse Aggregate 1242.62 Kg/ m3 2.85

Water 191.6 Kg/ m3 0.44

Slump 75-100 mm
TABLE 3 : PROPORTIONS OF CEMENT, RHA AND FLY
ASH FOR TESTING

Sr. No. % of Cement % of Fly Ash % of RHA

1. 100% 0% 0%
2. 70% 30% 0%
3. 70% 27.5% 2.5%
4. 70% 25% 5%
5. 70% 22.5% 7.5%
6. 70% 20% 10%
7. 70% 17.5% 12.5%
8. 70% 15% 15%
TABLE 4 : PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF RICE HUSK ASH

Sr. Test Conducted Test Requirement as

No. Result per IS:3812 Part
1-2003
1. Consistency % 40.0 -------
2. Specific Gravity (gm/cc) 2.14 -------
3. Setting Time
Initial (min) 195 -------
Final (min) 260
4. Soundness (mm) -0.0468 Max. 0.8
5. Fineness % by weight by 29.3 Not more than 34
sieving (% retention on 45
micron sieve)
6. Compressive Strength Not less than 80%
7 Days 15.0 of cement at 28
28 Days 27.0 days
7. Drying Shrinkage (%) 0.0896 -------
8. Lime Reactivity (Kg/sq.cm) 26.93 Min. 45
 SLUMP TEST

TABLE 5 : RESULTS OF SLUMP TEST

S. No % of Fly Ash % of RHA Slump Value

(mm)
1 30 0 75
2 27.5 2.5 71
3 25 5 66
4 22.5 7.5 62
5 20 10 57
6 17.5 12.5 53
7 15 15 46
FIGURE 4 : WORKABILITY OF CONCRETE USING SLUMP
CONE METHOD
Figure 5 : Slump Cone
Figure 6 : Slump
 STRENGTH TEST FOR CONCRETE

Table 6: Results of compressive strength of concrete cubes

S. No. Mix Proportion Strength after curing in days in

N/mm2
FA by % of RHA by % 7 Days 14 Days 28 Days
cement of cement
1 30 0 32.89 33.33 39.11
2 27.5 2.5 31.11 31.33 35.11
3 25 5 31.56 32.44 40.44
4 22.5 7.5 22.67 34.67 41.78
5 20 10 22.22 26.22 33.78
6 17.5 12.5 18.22 24.89 30.22
7 15 15 17.78 24 28.89
Figure 7 : Comparison of compressive strength for different % of RHA and FA
Figure 8 : Compression Testing Machine
 STRENGTH TEST FOR CONCRETE

Table 7 : Results of split tensile strength with different % of

FA+RHA
S. No. Mix Proportion Split Tensile
Strength after
28 days curing
in N/mm2
FA by % of cement RHA by % of 28 Days
cement
1 30 0 4.10
2 27.5 2.5 3.82
3 25 5 3.67
4 22.5 7.5 3.96
5 20 10 2.97
6 17.5 12.5 2.26
7 15 15 1.98
Figure 9 : Comparison of split tensile strength for different % of RHA
and FA at 28 days of curing
Figure 10 : Testing of specimen under split tension
 STRENGTH TEST FOR CONCRETE

Table 8 : Results of flexural strength with different % of FA+RHA

S. No. Mix Proportion Flexural

Strength after
28 dys curing in
N/mm2
FA by % of cement RHA by % of 28 Days
cement
1 30 0 6.89
2 27.5 2.5 6.11
3 25 5 6.44
4 22.5 7.5 7.55
5 20 10 6.22
6 17.5 12.5 5.55
7 15 15 5.55
Figure 11 : Comparison of flexural strength for different % of RHA
and FA at 28 days of curing
Figure 12 : Testing of specimen under Flexure
Figure 13 : Bricks made up of RHA
 CONCLUSIONS

• Compressive strength increases with the increase in the percentage of Fly

ash and Rice Husk Ash up to replacement (22.5%FA and 7.5% RHA) of
Cement in Concrete for different mix proportions.
• The maximum 28 days split tensile strength was obtained with
combination of 22.5% Fly ash and 7.5% rice husk ash mix in all
combinations which was less than control concrete.
• The maximum 28 days flexural strength was obtained with combination
of 22.5% fly ash and 7.5% rice husk ash mix.
• The percentage of water cement ratio is reliant on quantity of RHA used
in concrete. Because RHA is a highly porous material.
• The workability of concrete had been found to be decrease with increase
RHA in concrete.
 REFERENCE
• M. S. Shetty, Concrete Technology, 16th ed., S .Chand & Co.
Ltd, 2005.

• IS 456 (2000). Plain and reinforced concrete - Code of

Practice. Bureau of Indian Standard, (Fourth Revision).

• IS 2386 (1963). Methods of Test for aggregates for concrete -

Part 3: Specific gravity, Density, Voids, Absorption and
Bulking. Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi.

• “Effect of rice husk ash on properties of high strength

concrete”. Dao Van Dong- Doctor, Pham DuyHuu- Professor,
Nguyen Ngoc Lan- Engineer developed.
• Websites: -
 
www.engineeringcivil.com
www.thecivilengineer.org
www.ice.net.in