THE INTRODUCTION OF

DISASTER NURSING
(BASED FROM ICN FRAME WORK OF DISASTER NURSING COMPETENCIES)

Presented By :
CHANDRA KUSHARTANTO
(Head of the Emergency Unit of the District General Hospital of Surakarta)
NURSES AND EDUCATION

 Education is the most powerful weapon which

you can use to change the world (Nelson
Mandela).
MISSION STATEMENT
Disasters are a primary cause of morbidity and
mortality. Nurses can play an important role in
disaster mitigation, but they receive very little
training. This lecture is designed to help to
introduce to nursing the concepts of disasters
and disaster mitigation.
DISASTER

 Disaster Is a result of vast ecological breakdown in the

relation between humans and their environment, as
serious or sudden event on such scale that the stricken
community needs extraordinary efforts to cope with
outside help or international aid.
 Disasters occur daily throughout the world, posing
severe public health threats and resulting in tremendous
impact in terms of deaths, injuries, infrastructure and
facility damage and destruction, suffering, and loss of
livelihoods (ICN & WHO, 2009).
 DISASTER CYCLE

1. IMPACT
X
7. PREPARED
NESS X X 2. ACUTE RESPONSE
1. RESCUE - TRIAGE
2. ACUTE MEDICAL RESPONSE
6. MITIGATION X 3. EMERGENCY RELIEF
4. EMERGENCY REHABILITATION

X 3. RECOVERY
5. PREVENTION X
X
4. DEVELOPMENT

Perkembangan Disaster
Natural disaster  Industrial disaster  Complex disaster

Langkah2 Menuju Preparedness

Hazard & Vulnerability  Resource mapping  National priority mapping
Mapping (High Hazard & Vulnerability
- low resource)
 Geomedic mapping
SITUATION

Geographically Indonesia is an archipelago

situated at a junction of four tectonic plates
such as the Asian Plate, Australian Plate, Indian
Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. In the southern
and eastern parts of Indonesia there is a belt of
volcanic that extends from the island of
Sumatra, Java, Nusa Tenggara and Sulawesi,
which side in the form of old volcanic mountains
and lowlands are mostly dominated by swamps.
SITUATION

The condition of potential and proneness to

disasters such as volcanic eruptions,
earthquakes, tsunamis, floods and landslides.
Data show that Indonesia is one country that
has a high level of seismicity in the world, more
than 10 times the level of seismicity in the United
States (Arnold cited in BNPB, 2012).
THE TYPES OF DISASTER

Natural
Pandemics
Transportation
Technological
Terrorism
10000000

9000000

8000000

7000000

6000000

5000000

4000000

3000000

2000000

1000000

0
1900
1905
1910
1915
1920
1925
1930
1935
1940
1945
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
Conflict Natural Disasters
 INDONESIA
DISASTER SUPERMARKET

DISASTER LABORATORY
 NURSES AND DISASTER

 As stated by Dr Eric Laroche, WHO Assistant Director

General for Health Action in Crises (WHO, 2008) cited in
ICN & WHO (2009): “Nurses are often the first medical
personnel on site after disaster strikes. In these situations
where resources are scarce, nurses are called upon to
take roles as first responder, direct care provider, on-site
coordinator of care, information provider or educator,
mental health counsellor and triage officer.”
Nurses’ roles in disasters
Determine magnitude of the event
Define health needs of the affected groups
Establish priorities and objectives
Identify actual and potential public health
problems
Determine resources needed to respond to the
needs identified
Collaborate with other professional disciplines,
governmental and non-governmental agencies
Maintain a unified chain of command
Communication
ROLES

 The ICN (2006, p. 13) cited in ICN & WHO (2009)

describes the value of nurse involvement in disasters as:
“Nurses with their technical skills and knowledge of
epidemiology, physiology, pharmacology, cultural-
familial structures, and psychosocial issues can assist in
disaster preparedness programmes, as well as during
disasters. Nurses, as team members, can play a strategic
role cooperating with health and social disciplines,
government bodies, community groups, and non-
governmental agencies, including humanitarian
organizations.”
NURSING COMPETENCIES ON
DISASTER CYCLES
NURSING RESPONSE ON DISASTER
SITUATION
first responder
direct care provider & on-site coordinator of
care
information provider or educator
mental health counselor/ physiological care
triage officer
care of vulnerable population
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION…..