Department of Technical Education

Andhra Pradesh
Name : K.Masthanaiah
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : Civil Engineering
Institute : S.S.Govt.polytechnic, Zaheerabad
Year/Semester : IV Semester
Subject : Construction practice
Subject code : C406
Topic : Doors, Windows, Lintels & sunshades
Duration : 50 min
Sub topic : Doors and windows
Teaching aids : Animations, drawings
Revised by : GVVL Satyanarayana

9C406.18 1
Objectives

On completion of this period ,you will be able to

• Identify the parts and positioning of doors and windows

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Recap

In the previous class, we discussed

• The difference between stone & brick masonry

• Walls with solid & hollow concrete blocks

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 Why do we need doors?

• To give an access to the inside of the room

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 Where the doors are generally located?

• In every room

• at the corners of the room

• In the opposite walls of the room, opposite to another

door or a window

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 What are the materials used?

• Wood
• Glass
• Ply-wood
• Metals
• Concrete
• Poly Vinyl Chloride

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 Door
• A door is a panel or barrier, usually hinged, sliding, or
electronic, that is used to cover an opening in a wall or
partition going into a building or space.

• A door can be opened to give access and closed more or

less securely.

• It allows passage between the inside and outside, and

between internal rooms. When open, they admit ventilation
and light.

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Can you name the parts ?

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Fig.1 Door component parts

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Fig.2 Door component parts

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 What is the purpose of a door ?

• For free movement of people and material in and out of

a room in a building

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 Common types of doors

• Panelled doors

• Flush doors

• Glazed doors

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 Size of door depends on

• Rooms for which it is to be fixed

• Type of building

• Utility of the room

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 Principles for locating Doors
• Minimum no. of doors, for security and economy purpose
• Locate near the corners so that it occupies less room
space
• Should give proper ventilation
• Least interference with interior decoration
• Facing each other on opposite walls for having good
wind movement
• Should not be located at the center of the length of a wall
• No dark corner is left in the room

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Classification of panelled doors

Based on number of shutters

• Single shuttered door

• Double shuttered door

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 What is the size of the door?

• The size of the door is such that, it allows freely the

movement of largest object likely to be used in the

room

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 Minimum width of a door

• Public buildings 1.2 m

• External doors 1.0 m

• Internal doors 0.9 m

• Bath rooms 0.7 m

Generally the height is 2 m

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 Principles for locating windows
• Sill of a window located at a height of 80 cm above floor
level
• Least interference with interior decoration
• Functional requirements
• Distribution of light
• Control of ventilation
• Privacy
• Architectural treatment

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Component parts of Doors and Windows
• Frame
• Shutter
• Sash
• Mullion
• Transom
• Horn
• Hold fasts
• Jamb
• Rebate

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 Definitions of components of door
• Head - The main horizontal member forming the top of the
window or door frame.
• Jamb - The main vertical members forming the sides of a window
or door frame.
• Frame- The enclosure in which window sash or door panels are
mounted.
• Glazing - Glass in a window or door; the act or process of fitting
with glass.
• Pane - A framed sheet of glass within a window.
• Sash - A single assembly of stiles and rails made into a frame for
holding glass.
• Sill - The main horizontal member forming the bottom of the
frame of a window or door.
• Muntin Bar -A small bar dividing window glass

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 Frame

Combination of horizontal and vertical members

• Fixed to the opening in the wall, and supports a door or

window shutter

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 Door frame Window frame

• Two vertical members- • Two or more vertical

jambs members-jambs
• Top horizontal member- • Top horizontal member-
head head
• Bottom horizontal • Bottom horizontal
member-sill member-sill

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 Shutter

• Made of built-up panels or

• By fixing panels in framework of styles and rails

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 Parts of a shutter

• Styles

• Rails

• Panels

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 Style

External vertical member of the shutter

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 Rail
• Horizontal boards at the top, bottom, and optionally in
the middle of a door that join the two stiles and split the
door into two or more rows of panels.

• The "top rail" and "bottom rail" are named for their
positions.

• The bottom rail is also known as "kick rail".

• A middle rail at the height of the bolt is known as the

"lock rail",

• other middle rails are commonly known as "cross rails".

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 Panels

• Large, wider boards used to fill the space between the

stiles, rails, and mullions are called panels.

• The panels typically fit into grooves in the other pieces,

and help to keep the door rigid.

• Panels may be flat, or in raised panel designs.

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 Sash

• Frame made of light section for fixing the glass in the

panels 2 horizontal & 2 vertical members

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 Mullion

• Smaller optional vertical boards that run between two

rails, and split the door into two or more columns of

panels, the term is used sometimes for verticals in doors.

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 Transom

• Horizontal member divides the door or window frame

into panels

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 Louver

• To prevent vision without affecting ventilation

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 Horn

• Horizontal projection of head or sill beyond the face of

door or window frame 150 mm long for tightly securing

the frame into masonry

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 Hold fasts

• Mild steel straps

• 6 mm thick
• 30 mm wide
• 250 to 300 mm length
• Provided on both sides of the vertical door or window
frames
• To secure the frame tightly into the masonry

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 Jamb

• The vertical posts that form the sides of a door frame,

where the hinges are mounted, and with which the bolt

interacts

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 Rebate

• Depression cut in the frame to receive the door

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Designation of doors, windows and ventilators

APDSS – Andhra Pradesh Detailed

Standard Specifications

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 Width

No. of modules in the width of opening

1 module = 100 mm

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 Height

No. of modules in the height of opening

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 Notations

• D – Door
• W – Window
• V – Ventilator
• S – Single shutter
• T – Double shutter
• P – Two panels
• R – Three panels
• Q – Four panels

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 Example

11 DT 20 means:

A frame of a double shutter door

with a width of 11 modules (1090mm)

and height of 20 modules (1990mm)

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 Summary

We have discussed

• Doors and windows

• Parts of a door
• Location of doors and windows

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 Quiz

1) One module is equal to

a) 100 mm

b) 90 mm

c) 200 mm

d) 1000 mm

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2) Style is the

a) Lowest horizontal member

b) Central horizontal member

c) External vertical member

d) Bottom most horizontal member

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3) Horn is a

a) Vertical projection of head

b) Horizontal projection of head

c) Inclined projection of head

d) None of the above

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 Frequently asked Questions in Examination

1. State any three principles of locating doors.

2. State the principles of locating windows.

3. Name the component parts of a door and door frame

and show them by drawing a neat sketch.

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