MECHATRONICS

BASIC AUTOMATION AND PLC

What is MECHATRONICS?
 MECHATRONICS
• Mechatronics is defined as the application of
electronics and computer technology to
control the motions of mechanical systems.
- a concept of Japanese origin (1970)
• Mechatronics is the integration of mechanical,
electrical, and computer technologies into the
design of complex products.
• Mechatronics is composed of mecha from
mechanics and tronics from electronics
 MECHATRONICS
• It is a multi-disciplinary approach to product and
manufacturing system design.
• It involves application of electrical, mechanical,
control and computer engineering
to develop products, processes and systems with
greater flexibility, ease in redesign and ability of
reprogramming.
• Mechatronics can also be termed as a
replacement of mechanics with electronics or
enhance mechanics with electronics.
MECHATRONICS
 Application/Path of MECHATRONICS

Automobile Medical Material Processing

Robotics Manufacturing Aerospace

MECHATRONICS
 Automation
• It is the use of control systems and information
technologies to reduce the need for human
work in the production of goods and services.
• Automation is basically an application of
mechatronics knowledge that goes into depth
material handling processes, pneumatic
systems, robotics, plc automation, and etc.
 Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)
• PLC is a digital computer designed for multiple
inputs and output arrangements, extended
temperature ranges, immunity to electrical noise,
and resistance to vibration and impact.
• It is an industrial computer that perform discrete
or sequential logic.
• It was developed to replace mechanical relays,
timers, counters.
• Flexibility in control and programming
techniques. Online offline modifications
 Leading Brands Of PLC
AMERICAN:
1. Allen Bradley
2. Gould Modicon (Modicon)
3. Texas Instruments
4. General Electric (GE)
5. Westinghouse
6. Cutter Hammer
7. Square D
 Leading Brands Of PLC
EUROPEAN: JAPANESE:
1. Siemens 1. Toshiba
2. Klockner & Mouller 2. Omron
3. Festo 3. Fanuc
4. Telemechanique 4. Mitsubishi
 Major Components of a PLC
• PROCESSOR
• Provides intelligence to command and govern the activities of the
entire PLC systems.

• PROGRAMMING DEVICE
• Used to enter the desired program that will determine the sequence
of operation and control of process equipment or driven machine.

• I/O MODULES
• Provides signal conversion and isolation between the internal logic-
level signals inside the PLC and the field’s high level signal.

• POWER SUPPLY
• Provides the voltage needed to run the primary PLC components
Input and output devices of a PLC
Input Devices
Output Devices
 Programming Languages of PLC
Most common languages encountered in
PLC programming are:
1) Ladder Logic (Ladder Diagram)
2) Functional Block Diagram
3) Sequential Function Chart
4) Boolean mnemonics
Ladder Logic (Ladder Diagram)
• The ladder logic is the oldest programming
language for PLC.
• It is well suited to express Combinational logic.
• The main ladder logic symbols represent the
elements :
Normally Open contact

Normally Closed contact

relay coil
 Main ladder logic symbols
Normally Open Contact (NO) or Examine if Closed (XIC)
-If the input device is open the instruction is false (0).
-If the input device is closed the instruction is true (1).
Normally Closed Contact (NC) or Examine if Open (XIO)
-If the input device is closed the instruction is true (1).
-If the input device is open the instruction is false (0).
Relay Coil or Output Energize Coil
-If the rung has continuity the output is energized
-if the rung does not have continuity the output is de-
energized
Ladder Logic (Ladder Diagram)
Ladder Diagram
 Ladder Logic For Basic gates
AND Gate
• Both input must be true (1) in order for the
output be true (1)
 Ladder Logic For Basic gates
OR Gate
• Either input A or B is true (1), or both are true,
then the output is true (1).
 Ladder Logic For Basic gates
NOR Gate
• If both inputs A and B is (0), then the output is
true (1)
 Ladder Logic For Basic gates
NAND Gate
• Either of the inputs A and B is true or both
inputs are (0) then the output is true.
 Excercise
1) Switching On/off the lamp whether they are
at the bottom or the top of the staircase.
2) Create a ladder logic diagram for a simple starter
system of a three phase AC motor. The starter has one
start and one stop switch. Both of the switches are
momentary contact switch. The motor has stop and a
run indicator lights.
3) The production line may be powered off
accidentally or turned off for noon break. The
program is to control the counter to retain the
counted number and resume counting after the
power is ON again.
When the daily production reaches 10, the target
completed indicator will be ON to remind the
operator for keeping a record.
Pressing the clear button to clear history records,
the counter will start counting from 0 again.
4) Starting the oil pump motor immediately when
START is pressed. The main motor will be started
after a 10 sec delay and then the auxilliary motor
after a 5 sec delay. In addition, stopping all motors
immediately when STOP is pressed.