Department of Technical Education

Andhra Pradesh
Name : S. Nageswar Reddy
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : Civil Engineering
Institute : GPW, Hindupur
Year/Semester : III Semester
Subject : Hydraulics
Subject Code : C304
Topic : Flow over Notches and Weirs
Duration : 50 min.
Sub-topic : Broad Crested Weir
Teaching aids : PPT, Animation, Photographs
Revised By : V. Srinivasa Rao, Lecturer, DAGPT,
Ongole9C304.40 1
 Objectives
On completion of this session, you would be able to
know

• Bazin’s formula for discharge over a rectangular weir

• Narrow crested and Broad crested weir

• Solving simple problems

9C304.40 2
Recap
In the previous session, you have learnt about

• Effect of end contractions

• Francis formula for discharge over a rectangular weir

9C304.40 3
Bazins formula for discharge over a rectangular
weir
3
Q  mL 2 g H 2

m = 2/3 Cd (velocity of approach is not considered)

m = 0.405 + 0.003/H

H = height of water in meters

9C304.40 4
• Considering velocity of approach
3
Q m1 L 2 g H 1 2

m1 = 0.405 + 0.003/H1

H1 = H + Va2/2g

Va = velocity of approach

g = acceleration due to gravity

9C304.40 5
Problems

1. Find the discharge using Bazins formula for a

rectangular weir with end contraction suppressed when

the head is 15cm and the length is 1.1m.

9C304.40 6
Solution
Given data:

Length of weir L = 1.1m

Head of water H = 0.15m.

m = 0.405 + 0.003/H

= 0.405+0.003/0.15

= 0.425

9C304.40 7
 3
Q  mL 2 g H 2

= 0.425 x 1.1 x 2X 9.81 x (0.15)3/2

= 0.1203 m3/sec

9C304.40 8
2. A weir 2.5 m long has 60cm head of water over the
crest of the weir .Using Francis formula find the
discharge over the weir. If the channel approaching the
weir is 6m wide and 1.2 m deep . Also determine the new
discharge considering the velocity of approach.

9C304.40 9
Solution
Length of the weir L = 2.5m

Head of water H = 0.6m

Width of channel = 6m

Depth of channel = 1.2m

Area of the channel = 6 x 1.2 = 7.2 m2

9C304.40 10
Without considering velocity of approach:
Francis formula,
Q = 1.84 (L-0.1nH)H3/2

= 1.84(2.5-0.1 x 2 x 0.6) x 0.63/2

= 2.04 m3/sec

Considering velocity of approach:

Velocity = Q/A

= 2.04/7.2

= 0.2833m/sec
9C304.40 11
Head due to velocity of approach
Ha = Va2 /2g
= (0.2833) 2/(2 x 9.81)
= 0 .004m
Total head H1 = H + ha
=0.6+0.004=0.604m
Q = 1.84 (L-0.1nH)(H13/2-Ha3/2)
= 1.84(2.5-0.1 x 2 x 0.604) (0.6043/2 – 0.0043/2.)
= 2.062 m3/sec
= 2062 lit/sec
9C304.40 12
12
 Fig: 1
Broad Crested Weir
9C304.40 13
Fig. 2 Submerged Weir
9C304.40 14
9C304.40 15
9C304.40 16
L = length of the crest

H = height of water above the crest

2L<H narrow crested weir

2L>H Broad crested weir

Discharge over a narrow crested weir

3
2
Q= Cd L 2 g H 2
3

9C304.40 17
Discharge over a Broad crested weir
Consider a broad crested weir as shown in fig .1

Let

H = head of water on the U/S of water

h = head of water on the D/S of water

V = velocity of water on the D/S side of water

L = length of the crest

Cd = coefficient of discharge

9C304.40 18
Applying Bernoulli’s equation at A & B

0+H = V2/2g+h

V2/2g = H-h

V  2g (H h)

Q = discharge over the weir

Q = Cd x area of flow x velocity

Q = Cd x L x h x V

9C304.40 19
 Q = Cd x L x h x 2 g ( H h)

= Cd .L. 2 g ( Hh 2 h3 ) → eq.1

The discharge is max when (Hh2-h3 ) is max .

Therefore differentiating the equation (Hh2-h3 ) and

equating to zero

9C304.40 20
• Differentiating the equation 1 w.r.t. h and dQ/dh to zero

dQ
dh
 Cd .L. 2 g  H h 
h
2 H h
 = 0

h
H-h = =0
2 2H-h

3
H = h
2

h
H - h=
2

9C304.40 21
 h = (2/3)H

Introducing the value h = (2/3) H in the above equation

The max discharge over a broad crested weir

3
2 2
Qmax = Cd.L. 2gH
3 3 3
 0.384Cd .L 2 g H `2

3
2
Qmax = 1.71Cd.L.H

9C304.40 22
 If velocity of approach is considered

• Qmax = 1.71 Cd .L[ (H+ha)3/2-(ha)3/2] where

ha = Va2/2g

9C304.40 23
 Problems

1. A broad crested weir 10m long has a max discharge of

10 m3/sec.Determine the head of water on the upstream

side of weir Cd =0.62.

9C304.40 24
Solution
Given data

L = 10m

Qmax = 10 m3/sce

Cd = 0.62

For max discharge Qmax = 1.71 .Cd.L. H3/2

10 = 1.71 x 0.62 x10 x H3/2

H = 0.96m.
9C304.40 25
2. A broad crested weir 20m long Find the maximum

discharge in m3/sec, if the head of water on the upstream

side of weir is 1.20m. Take Cd =0.62.

9C304.40 26
Solution

Given data

L = 20m

H = 1.2m

Qmax = ? m3/sec

Cd = 0.62

For max discharge Qmax = 1.71 .Cd.L. H3/2

Qmax = 1.71 x 0.62 x20 x 1.203/2

Qmax = 27.87 m3/sec.

9C304.40 27
Summary

In this session, you have learnt about

• Discharge formula for a narrow crested weir
3
2
Q= Cd L 2 g H 2
3

• Discharge formula for a Broad crested weir

3
2
Q max  Cd.L. 2g H 2

3 3

9C304.40 28
Quiz

1. What is the value of ‘m’ if the head over of the weir is

0.1m

a) 0.325

b) 0.435

c) 0.345

d) 0.425

9C304.40 29
Quiz
2. What is the value of Bazin’s constant ‘m’ in terms of Cd

a) 2/3

b) 3/4

c) 3/2

d) 4/3

9C304.40 30
Quiz
3. To get max discharge over broad crested weir the

relation between H & h is

a) H = 2/3h

b) H = 2h

c) H = 3/2h

d) None of the above

9C304.40 31
Quiz
4. A weir is called broad crested weir, if

a) B > H/2

b) B < H/2

c) B = H/2

d) None

9C304.40 32
Frequently Asked Questions
1. Find the discharge using Bazins formula for a

rectangular weir with end contraction suppressed

when the head is 10cm and the length is

1.0m.considering the velocity of approach is 0.3 m/s

2. Find the discharge using Bazins formula for a

rectangular weir with end contractions when the head

is 40cm and the length is 8.0m.considering the velocity

of approach is 1 m/s
9C304.40 33
Frequently Asked Questions

3. How do you differentiate broad crested and sharp crested

weir?

4. Determine the discharge over broad crested weir 60m long

with round entrance .head over the crest is 0.65m.width

&depth of approach channel is 70m&0.6m respectively.

Cd=0.95

9C304.40 34