Acidic

Solution Alkaline

Neutral

We can use a pH paper to test whether a solution is

acidic, alkaline or neutral.
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 Learning Outcomes
A student is able to:
1. Identify the properties of acid, identify the properties of alkali,
2. State that acid and alkali only show their properties in the
presence of water,
3. Explain through examples the definition of acid and alkali,
4. Identify the substances which are acidic or alkaline in
everyday life,
5. state the uses of acid and alkali in daily life,
6. explain the meaning of neutralization,
7. write a word equation to describe the neutralisation process,
8. explain through examples the uses of neutralisation in daily
life

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 Properties of acids & alkalis
Do experiments 5.13 pg 108 - 109 (acid)
& 5.14 pg 110 – 111(alkali) sps book

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Acids Properties Alkalis

has pH value less pH value has pH value

than 7 greater than 7
Taste sour Taste Taste bitter & feel
soapy
Corrosive Corrosive nature Corrosive
Turn blue litmus red Effect on litmus paper Turn red litmus blue

Red solution is Effect on universal Purple solution is

formed. indicator (green formed.
colour)
Acids react with Reaction with metals Does not react with
metals (most metal) metal
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to give hydrogen gas
 Acids Properties Alkalis

Acids react with Reaction with Does not react

calcium carbonate calcium
to give carbon carbonate
dioxide gas
Does not react Reaction with Alkalis react with
ammonium salts ammonium salts
to give ammonia
gas

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 Properties Notes
Reaction with Acids react with metals to give
metals hydrogen gas
Burning wooden splinter Acid + metal salt + hydrogen
-Hydrochloric acid + magnesium
magnesium chloride + hydrogen
-Sulphuric acid + magnesium
magnesium sulphate + hydrogen
Magnesium strip -Nitric acid + magnesium
Dilute hydrochloric acid magnesium nitrate + hydrogen
Use a burning wooden splinter to test for the presence of
hydrogen gas.
A ‘pop’ sound is heard showing that hydrogen gas is given off
when acids react with metals. 6
 Properties Notes
Reaction with Acids react with calcium carbonate to
calcium carbonate give carbon dioxide gas
Acid + carbonate salt + carbon
dioxide + water
Lime water -Hydrochloric acid + calcium carbonate
calcium chloride + carbon dioxide +
water
-Sulphuric acid + magnesium carbonate
magnesium sulphate + carbon
dioxide + water
Hydrochloric acid -Nitric acid + natrium carbonate
Calcium carbonate natrium nitrate + carbon dioxide +
water 7
We use lime water to test for the presence of carbon
dioxide gas.
The clear lime water becomes cloudy showing that
carbon dioxide gas is given off when acids react with
carbonates.

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 Properties Notes
Reaction with Alkalis react with ammonium salts to
ammonium salts give ammonia gas
Alkalis + ammonium salt salt +
water + ammonia
-sodium hydroxide + ammonium
chloride sodium chloride + water
+ ammonia
-calcium hydroxide + ammonium
nitrate calcium nitrate + water +
ammonia

Ammonia turns red litmus paper to blue

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The role of water in acid & alkali
Do experiment 5.15 sps book pg 112

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 Properties Notes
Acids only show Acids in the form of solid do not show
their properties in their properties.
the presence of Water is needed for acids to show their
water properties.
Acid in solid form Acid in liquid form

Blue litmus paper

Blue litmus paper
turns red when
does not change
water is added to
colour
the solid acid
Examples: anhydrous citric acid
anhydrous tartaric acid
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Definition:
Acid can be defined as a chemical substance
that contain hydrogen and the hydrogen in an
acid may be replaced by a suitable metal

Examples:
Sulphuric acid + zinc Zinc sulphate +
hydrogen

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What are acids???

1.Chemical compounds that contain hydrogen.

2.Acids diluted in a lot of water are called dilute acids
3.The more concentrated an acid, the less water it is
dissolved in it.
4.Acids are classified into two main groups.
a) organic acids
b) mineral acids.

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Tartaric acid (grapes)
Malic acid (apples)

Citric acid (oranges) Lactic acid (sour milk)

Formic acid (ants)

Acetic acid (vinegar)

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Hydrochloric acid

Sulphuric acid

Nitric acid

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Substances which are acidic or
alkaline in everyday life
Do experiment pg 112 sps book

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 Addition to information in text book

Acids uses
Hydrochloric -used to remove rust on iron
acid -used to produce chlorine
-used to make disinfectants &
liquid washing agents
Sulphuric acid -used in batteries
-used to make detergents &
fertilisers
Formic acid -used to coagulates latex
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 Addition to information in text book

Alkali uses
Potassium -to make liquid soaps
hydroxide -to absorb acidic gases
-to prepare dyes & paint
removers

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What are alkalis???
1.Alkalis are formed when the oxides or hydroxides of
metals dissolve in water.
2.Common alkalis used in the laboratory are:
a) potassium hydroxide b) sodium hydroxide
c) calcium hydroxide
2.Alkalis diluted in a lot of water are called dilute
alkalis solution.
3.The more concentrated an alkalis, the less water it is
dissolved in it.
4. Ammonia gas can dissolve in water to form an
alkaline solution.
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 Neutralisation
A process where acid react with alkali to
form salt and water.

acid + alkali  salt + water

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 Application of neutralisation
Refer text book pg 29

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 Summary for indicator

Indicator Acid Alkali

Litmus paper Blue to red Red to blue

Litmus solution Red Blue

(purple)
Universal Yellow /red Blue / purple
indicator (green)

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 A pH scale has values from 0 to 14
More acidic More alkaline

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
-oranges Neutral -soap
-pure
-lemons -toothpaste
water or
-vinegar -milk of
distilled
magnesia
-tea water

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