TEACHING

SPEAKING
By
Aji Abdussalim
Oral communication skill What Makes
in Pedagogical Types of Spoken
Speaking
Research Language
Difficult ?

Microskills of
Oral
Communication

Types of
Developing Classroom
Speaking Speaking
skill in Performance
Foreign
Language Principles for
Teaching Designing Speaking
Conversation Techniques
 ORAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS IN
PEDAGOGICAL RESEARCH

 Conversational discourse
 Teaching Pronounciation
 Accuracy and fluency
 Affective Factors
 The interaction effects
TYPES OF SPOKEN LANGUAGES
(Adapted from Nunan)

Monologue Dialogue

Planned Unplanned Interpersonal Transactional

Unfamiliar Familiar Unfamiliar Familiar

WHAT MAKES SPEAKING DIFFICULT?
 Clustering
 Redundancy
 Reduced forms
 Performance variables
 Colloquial language
 Rate of delivery
 Stress, Rhythm, and Intonation
 Interaction
MICROSKILLS OF ORAL COMMUNICATION
 TYPES OF CLASSROOM SPEAKING
PERFORMANCE
 Imitative
 Intensive
 Responsive
 Transactional (dialogue)
 Interpersonal (dialogue)
 Extensive (monologue)
 PRINCIPLES FOR DESIGNING SPEAKING
TECHNIQUES
1. Use techniques that cover the spectrum of learner needs, from
language based focus on accuracy to message –based focus on
interaction, meaning and fluency.
2. Provide intrinsically motivating techniques.
3. Encourage the use of authentic language in meaningful context.
4. Provide appropriate feedback and correction .
5. Capitalize on the natural link between speaking and listening.
6. Give students opportunities to initiate oral communication
7. Encourage the development speaking strategies.
TEACHING CONVERSATION
o Conversation  Indirect (strategy consciousness-
raising )
o Conversation  Direct (gambits)
o Conversation  Transactional (ordering from
catalogue)
o Meaningful oral grammar practice (modal auxilllary
would )
o Other interactive techniques
TEACHING PRONOUNCIATION
Intonation – Listening for Pitch Changes
Stress- Constrating Nouns
Meaningfull Minimal Pairs

• A model for corection of speech

errorsaffective & cognitive feedback