Safety Commercial Suppression Group

Products

Total Flooding Extinguishing System

The Agent
 This Training
Burkhard Krafft
Technical Services Manager EMEA

Introduction Components

FM-200®
Design Install./Maint.

Exam

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April 17, 2018
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Products
 This Training
Burkhard Krafft
Technical Services Manager EMEA

Introduction Components

FM-200®
Design Install./Maint.

Exam

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April 17, 2018
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 Basics

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 Fire Classification
American European/Australiasian Fuel/Heat source
Class A Class A Ordinary combustibles
Class B Flammable liquids
Class B
Class C Flammable gases
Class C Class E * Electrical equipment
Class D Class D Combustible metals
Class K Class F Cooking oil or fat
* Fires that involve any of the materials found in Class A and B fires, but with the
introduction of an electrical appliance, wiring, or other electrically energized
objects in the vicinity of the fire, with a resultant electrical shock risk if a
conductive agent is used to control the fire

All agents we will discuss later in detail are effective on class A (E), B and C fires.

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 How To Extinguishing A Fire?
The Fire Triangle
The triangle illustrates the basic rule that
in order to ignite and burn, a fire requires
three elements:
1. heat
2. fuel
3. oxidizing agent, usually oxygen.

The fire is prevented or extinguished

by removing any one of them or a
combination of them (i.e. heat and
oxygen).

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 How To Extinguishing A Fire?
The Fire Tetrahedron
The Fire Triangle fails to identify the
fourth essential element of fire:
the sustaining chemical reaction.
That is why the Fire Triangle has largely
been replaced in the industry by the fire
tetrahedron, which provides a more
complete model.
Some fire suppression agents do not
remove or reduce any of the three
necessary components, but rather
interfere with their chemical combination,
such as Halon, FM-200®.

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 How To Extinguishing A Fire?
A. Removing the fuel (very unlikely), but if
the fire runs out of fuel, it will stop
B. Removing the heat
 Water (fire brigade, sprinkler
systems, water mist systems*)
 Chemical agents** (FM-200®,
Novec™ 1230)
C. Reducing the oxygen level
 CO2 systems
 Inert gas systems (Inergen®, IG-55,
Argon etc.)
D. A combination of B. and C.
* Water mist additionally reduces the oxygen level near the flames
** Chemical agents also have chemical means

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 System Comparison
• Inert gas systems
Reducing the oxygen level in the hazard to < 15%
 Inergen® (52% N2 + 40% Argon + 8% CO2)
 IG-55 (50% N2 + 50% Argon)
 Argon (100% Argon)
 Nitrogen (100% N2)
• "Chemical" systems
Heat removal + chemical means
 FM-200®
 Novec™ 1230
 Halon 1301

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 Important Agent Features

The agent ...

 shall extinguish fires (without damage)

 shall be acceptable for the environment

 shall be safe for human beings

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 The Answer

A system with the Clean Agent FM-200®

• First generation Halon 1301 replacement

• very good extinguishing capability
• environmentally acceptable
• safe for people
• safe for equipment

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 The Answer

FM-200® is also known as ...

• HFC 227 ea
• CF3-CHF-CF3

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 The Answer
• FM-200® was the first Halon 1301 replacement
to be awarded U.L. listing & F.M. approval
• Is globally accepted
• Tens of thousands of FM-200® fire suppression
systems are protecting critical facilities and
high-value assets around the world

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 What is FM-200® ?

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 What is FM-200® ?
... a Clean Agent
• a replacement for Halon 1301
• contains no Bromine or Chlorine (ODP=0)
• colorless and odourless
• safe for people
• no electric conductivity
• no residues
• causes no damage to
 electronic equipment
 books / papers
 paintings / objects of art
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 Physical Properties

Chemical Formula: CF3CHFCF3

Boiling Point @ 1 atm: -16.4 °C
Vapour Pressure @ 20°C: 3.91 bar (56.7 psi)
Gas Density @ 1 atm, 20°C: 7,3 kg/m³ (1.95 lb/ft³)
Liquid Density @ 20°C: 1.407 kg/l

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 How does FM-200® work ?

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 Mode of Operation
 How does FM-200® extinguish a fire ?
The present understanding of the
functioning of FM-200® is that 80%
of its fire fighting effectiveness is
achieved through heat absorption
and 20% through direct chemical
means (action of the fluorine radical
on the chain reaction of a flame).
Great Lakes:
"FM-200® absorbs heat from the
flame zone and interrupts the
chemical chain reaction of the
combustion process."
FM200® GLCC
No oxygen reduction!
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 Mode of Operation
 FM-200® is suitable for …

A B C

EU: solid+electrical flam. liquid gases

USA: solid flam. liquid+gas electrical

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 Mode of Operation
 Thermal decomposition …

A constraint? Dangerous?
The facts
1. All chemical agents decompose at higher temperatures.
2. FM-200® decomposes in excess of 500°C.
3. It forms halogen acids (HF)
4. HF will be readily detected by a sharp, pungent odour before
maximum hazardous exposure levels are reached.

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 Mode of Operation
 Thermal decomposition …

A constraint? Dangerous?
What to do?
1. Avoiding high temperature levels by using early detection
systems for rapid system discharge.
2. Avoid applications where permanently hot surfaces
>500°C are expected.

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 Mode of Operation
 Thermal decomposition …

A constraint? Dangerous?
A problem for standard applications (EDP etc.)?
No!
1. Rapid fire suppression with a properly designed detection
and extinguishing system.
2. 6-10 seconds flooding time avoid big heat volumes.
3. Decomposition products from the fire itself (i.e. carbon
monoxide, smoke), create a greater hazard.

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 Environmental Compatibility

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 Environment

 What is important ?

Atm. Lifetime
Cl• or Br • + O3 + IR Absorbance

Ozone Global Warming

Depletion "Greenhouse Effect"

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 Environment

 Ozone Depletion

 Chlorine (Cl) and Bromine (Br) destroy ozone

when they reach the stratosphere
Result: increase of UV-B radiation
 Fluorine (F) has been shown to be benign to O3
(stratosphere)
 Compounds containing F as the only halogen are
considered non-ozone depleting
(Ozone Depletion Potential = 0)

 FM-200®: ODP = 0

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 Environment

 Greenhouse Effect
Some solar radiation is
reflected by the Earth
Sun and the atmosphere

Some of the IR-radiation is

Solar radiation
Atmosphere absorbed and re-emitted by the
passes through
greenhouse gases. The effect is
the clear
to warm the lower atmosphere
atmosphere
and the Earth's surface.

Most radiation is absorbed by the Infrared radiation is emitted

Earth's surface and warms it Earth from the Earth's surface

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 Environment

 Greenhouse Effect

 the potential of the greenhouse gases (CO2 and

others) is a function of …
 IR absorption (Global Warming Potential)
 Atmospheric Life Time
 GWP is a reference value; GWP of CO2 = 1

 FM-200®: GWP = 3500, ALT = 33 years

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 Environment

 Reduction of GWP

Halon 1301 (GWP=6900) PFC-3-1-10 (GWP=9000)

Perfluorobutane

49% Reduction 61% Reduction

FM-200® (GWP=3500)

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 Environment

 Agent Comparison

Halon FM- HFC- Inert

1301 200® 125 Gases
ODP 12 0 0 0
GWP* 6900 3500 3400 n.a.
ALT (years) 65 33 29.0 n.a.
* IPCC 2001

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 Environment

EU F-Gas Regulation
• European-wide approach to containing and
reducing fluorinated gas emissions
(published Aug. 2006)
• ‘Hydrofluorocarbon’ (HFCs) means an 0rganic compound
comprising carbon, hydrogen and fluorine only and with no
more than six carbon atoms in the molecule (e.g. FM-200®)

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 Environment

EU F-Gas Regulation
There is no restriction on use or placing on
the market of Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).

Note: Fluorinated greenhouse gases will not be

permitted to be deployed in non-refillable containers.
This precludes their use as fire extinguishants in any
disposable extinguisher.

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 Environment

EU F-Gas Regulation
Operators of fire protection systems must use all
measures which are technically feasible and not
disproportionately costly to prevent leakage of the
gases, and must expeditiously take action to
repair any detected leakage.

As of 4 July 2007, newly installed HFC fire fighting systems

containing over 300kg of HFCs must be fitted with a leakage
detection device which alerts the operator.
Existing systems containing over 300kg must be fitted with
such a device by 4 July 2010.

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 Environment

EU F-Gas Regulation
Fluorinated Operators must ensure that systems
are inspected for leakage by certificated
personnel according to the following schedules:

• At least every 12 months for systems having more than 3 kg gas

• At least every 6 months for systems having more than 30 kg gas
• At least every 3 months for systems having more than 300 kg gas
Leakage inspection within 1 month after a leak has been repaired.
Where leakage detection systems are installed, the fire protection system
inspection frequency noted above for 30+ kg and 300+ kg systems are
halved.

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 Environment

EU F-Gas Regulation
Operators must maintain records on quantity
and types of gases in installed systems;
• the quantities added and recovered during
maintenance, servicing and disposal;
• the dates and results of inspections and the
Company and technicians involved.

These records must be made available on request to the

competent authority and the Commission.

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 Environment

EU F-Gas Regulation
For all HFCs that are deployed super-pressurised
with nitrogen as a propelling agent, an installed
leakage detection system can be a pressure
measuring device (pressure gauge or pressure
switch) fitted to each container:
• In the case of a pressure gauge regular (weekly in accordance
with BS ISO 14520) recorded inspections will be required to
confirm status
• In the case of a pressure switch, a connected alarm will
enunciate this fault condition.

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 Human Safety

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 Human Safety
Definitions:
 NOAEL = No Observed Adverse Effect Level
The highest tested dose of a substance that has been reported to have no
harmful (adverse) health effects on people or animals.
 LOAEL = Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level
The lowest tested dose of a substance that has been reported to cause
harmful (adverse) health effects on people or animals.
 Adverse Health Effect
A change in body function or cell structure that might lead to disease or
health problems.
 LC50
LC stands for "Lethal Concentration". Used if the lethal effects from
breathing a compound are to be tested.
LC50 is the concentration of a chemical in air that kills 50% of the test
animals in a given time (usually four hours).

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 Human Safety

 an issue ?

• Oxygen reduction? No
• Safety levels? NOAEL = 9.0% *
LOAEL > 10.5% **
• LC50 (4 hour rat test) >80%

* No Observed Adverse Effect Level

** Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level
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 Human Safety

 an issue ?

Design NOAEL Safety Margin

Concentration
Halon 1301 5% 5% 0%
FM-200® 7.2%-8.7% 9% 3% - 25%
HFC-125 8% - 11.5% 7.5% 0%
Inertgases 38% - 40% 43% 7% - 13%
CO2 35% - 50% <5% lethal

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 Human Safety
Health Approvals

GERMANY: Hygiene Institute

UNITED STATES: EPA

AUSTRALIA: National Industrial Chemical

Notification & Assessment Scheme

FRANCE: Ministry of Health

UNITED KINGDOM: HAG Report

FM-200® extinguishes is so safe, it has been

designated as a replacement for CFCs as
propellant in pharmaceutical inhalers

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 Typical Applications

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 Applications
EDP Facilities

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 Applications
Data Vaults

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 Applications
Cell Sites

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 Applications
Control Rooms

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 Applications
Air Traffic Control Center

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 Applications
Hospitals
 CT Scan Rooms
 MRI Rooms
 Mobile MRI and CT
Scan Trailers
 Data Center
 File Storage

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 Applications
Satellite Stations

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 Applications
Archives

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 Summary

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 Why ?

Why does your customer need

a fire suppression system ?

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 Why ?
To protect his computers / hardware ?

Not really
 Replacing hardware is not so expensive anymore
 In most cases the insurence will pay

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 Why ?
TO SECURE YOUR CUSTOMERS BUSINESS !
The result of a fire may be ...
 no telecommunication
 no manufacturing
 no quotations
 no shipment
 no invoices
 and ... and ... and

Finally, your customer looses money by not doing

business, he may even loose his customers !
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 Why ?
TO SECURE YOUR CUSTOMERS BUSINESS !
Costs of NOT doing business
$17,000/sec

40%
40% of of businesses
businesses that
that experience
experience
fire
fire stay
stay out
out of
of business
business for
for good…
good…
$1,000,000/hr

$40,000/hr

Clean Room Large EDP Oil Production

Facility
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 Why a FM-200® System?
FM-200® …
• has a very good extinguishing capability
 heat absorption
• is environmentally acceptable
 ODP = 0
 GWP = 3500 / ALT = 33 years
• is safe for people
 design concentr. = 7.2%-8.7%, NOAEL=9

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 Why a FM-200® System?
 reliable technology
 wide range of applications
 no damage to sensitive equipment

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 Why a FM-200® System?
 Footprint: comparison for 200 m³ class A hazard
FM-200®: 7,9% = 0,63 kg/m³ 126 kg - 1 x 147 ltr.

Novec™1230: 5,3% = 0,78 kg/m³ 156 kg - 1 x 180 ltr.

Inergen®: 39,9% = 0,51 m³/m³ 102 m³ - 5 x 80 ltr. (300 bar)

CO2: 50% = 1,30 kg/m³ 260 kg - 6 x 50 kg

Inergen®: 39,9% = 0,51 m³/m³ 102 m³ - 7 x 80 ltr. (200 bar)

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 Thank you for
your attention

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