R.K.R. GOVT. POLY.

JANJGIR
A
MAJOR PROJECT REPORT
ON
“OVER/UNDER VOLTAGE LOAD PROTECTION SYSTEM”

SESSION- 2018
SEM. - 6th
BRANCH - ELECTRICAL
PRESENTED TO:-
M.K.SAHU , D.L.SAHU , B.K.NIRMALKAR , C.K.SAHU
(H.O.D. of (lecturer of (lecturer of ( lecturer of
elec. Engg. ) elec. Engg.) elec. Engg. ) elec. Engg. )
 PAWAN KUMAR

PRASHANT SINGH

RAJKAMAL

RAHUL

SANDHYA RATHORE
INTRODUCTION

BOLCK DIAGRAM

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

DESCRIPTION OF COMPONANTS

CONCLUSON

ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE

REFERENCES
S. NO. NO. OF CONTENTS

I. TRANSFORMER
II. BRIDGE RECTIFIRE
III. INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
IV. CAPACITOR
V. RESISTANCE
VI. RELAY
VII. ZENER DIODE
VIII. PRESET
IX. LED’S
X. VOLTAGE REGULATOR
 INTRODUCTION

 Sudden fluctuation in supply is a very big

problem in industries and domestic
applications. It causes a major loss for
industries, offices and homes.

 This project gives a low cost and powerful

solution for this problem. This Circuit protects
refrigerators ,ACs, Microwave ovens as well as
other appliances from over and under voltage
fluctuations
BLOCK DIAGRAM
DESCRIPTION
OF
COMPONANT
 Step down transformer 230V/24V
 Operating frequency is 50HZ.
Voltage is converted from 230v to 12v.
Current rating is 1A.
It is converted 12volt a.c. into 12volt pulsating d.c.
Bridge Rectifiers are widely used in power supplies
that provide necessary DC voltage for the electronic
components or devices.
RELAY DRIVER I.C. { ULN 2803 } ,18 PIN FOR OPERATE
RELAY.
Main function of voltage regulator 7812 Ics is regulates the
voltage.
 there is a heat sink with the common ground connected so
helpful prevent from overheating.
Output voltage is 12v and current 5ma .

common
In this circuit three capacitor is used :-
Capacitor 1st is 1000 micro farad and it is used for
filter the d.c. supply
Capacitor 2nd is 0.1 micro farad and these are used
for ICs
Resistance uses for limit the value of current.
Four type value of resistances are uses.

33k ohm 1k ohm 6.8k ohm 10k ohm

A relay is a electrically operated switch or sensing
device.
 electrostatic type voltage based relay.
Preset is a variable resistance which help we can change the
threshold voltage.
Two presets are used for under and over voltage.
PR1- 1M, PR2- 1M
Two type LEDs are used for indication of power supply and relay
operation.
Its polarity is the imp point.
The main function of zener diode in this circuit is provide
constant voltage or maintain the voltage.
Its work reverse breakdown region.
IN 4148 diode is used.
 APPLICATION
 Industrial machinery
In house appliances
Water pump
S.S.I.
Low cost and reliable circuit
High sensitive
We can handle current up to 5amp.
Auto. Switch off abnormal condition , and on in safe
condition.
It is helpful in protecting electrical appliances is very
effective way.
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 the mains AC power supplies the power to the whole circuit and for operating
loads by using relays, and also for tripping the load (lamps) in the presence of the
input voltage which falls above or below a set value.

Two comparators used as a window comparator formed out of one quad comparator
IC. This operation delivers an error in the output if the input voltage to the
comparator crosses the limit beyond the voltage window.

In this circuit, an unregulated power supply is connected to both op-amps terminals,

wherein each non-inverting terminal is connected through the two series resistors
and a potentiometer arrangement. Similarly, the inverting terminal is also powered
through Zener diode and resistance arrangements, as shown in the given under or
overvoltage protection circuit.

The Potentiometer’s preset VR1 is adjusted such that the voltage at non-inverting
is less than 6.8V for stable maintenance of load for the normal supply range of
180V-240V and the voltage of inverting terminal is 6.8V constant due to Zener
diode.
When the voltage is beyond the 240 V the voltage at the non-inverting terminal is
more than 6.8, so the operational amplifier output goes high. This output drives
the transistor and thus the relay coil gets energized and finally loads are turned off
due to overvoltage.
Similarly, for under voltage protection, lower
comparator energizes the relay when the
supply voltage falls below 180 V by
maintaining 6V at the inverting terminal.
These under and overvoltage settings can be
changed by varying the respective
potentiometers.