Definition of

TERMS
• HAZARD - is an agent which has the
potential to cause harm or damage to
people, property or environment.
• Sludge - thick, soft, wet mud or a similar
viscous mixture of liquid and solid
components, especially the product of an
industrial or refining process.
 Definition of
TERMS
• RISKS - anything that poses the likelihood of harm
being done from a particular hazard.
• pH – a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of
a solution.
• Aquifers - an underground layer of water-bearing
permeable rock, rock fractures or unconsolidated
materials from which groundwater can be
extracted using a water well.
 Definition of
TERMS
• Waste - are unwanted or unusable materials that
has been discarded after primary use, or
considered as worthless, defective and of no use.
• USEPA – United States Environmental Protection
Agency, an agency of the federal government of
the United States which was created for the
purpose of protecting human health and
the environment.
 HAZARDOUS
w a s t e
• came from industrial by-products and
waste materials discarded from homes,
commercial establishments, and institution
that pose an unreasonable risk to human
health and safety, property, and
environment.
 HAZARDOUS
w a s t e
According to USEPA, a type of waste that
may cause or significantly contribute to the
increase in mortality or an increase in serious
irreversible illness; or pose a potential hazard
to human health or to the environment
when it is improperly treated, stored,
transported and disposed.
Sources of
w a s t e
• Industrial by-products
• Mining sites
• Research laboratories
• Agricultural land
• Households
• Hospitals
 Types of
• Listed Waste (Designated) – Waste that EPA has
determined to be hazardous.
• F- type – wastes from nonspecific sources
• K-type – wastes from specific sources
• P-type – acute hazardous wastes
• U-type – miscellaneous hazardous wastes
 HAZARDOUS
Characteristics Waste - A substance is considered
hazardous if it exhibits one or more of the following
characteristics:
• Ignitable - the substance causes or enhances fires.
• Reactive - the substance reacts with others and may
explode.
• Corrosive - the substance destroys tissues or metals.
• TOXIC - the substance is a danger to health, water,
food and air.
 TOXIC
• is a waste material that can cause death,
injury or birth defects to living creatures.
• It spreads easily and can contaminate
lakes, rivers and atmosphere
TOXIC
 Classification of
TOXIC
• Nuclear Waste – the main type of hazardous that
causes the different types of harmful diseases. It is
generated during the manufacturing of the different
type of nuclear technologies.
• Radioactive Waste – is a waste that has been
affected by radiation or emits radiation that
usually comes from nuclear power plants.
• Chemical Wastes – contains poisonous, flammable, or
reactive chemicals in the products.
 Classification of
TOXIC
• Medical Waste – is a kind of waste infected by
viruses, diseases, blood, human fluids etc. Usually
come from hospitals, health care facilities and
research labs.
• Industrial Waste – wastes generated as a result of
the different types of processes of the industries
such as manufacturing new products for the
benefit of mankind.
 Effects of
TOXIC
• Love Canal (Niagara Falls)
• Named after William T. Love who planned to build a
canal to provide inexpensive transport to the local
industrial community in 1892.
• 1894 - Construction started
• 1910 - Project was finally abandoned.
• Taken over by the firm Hooker Electrochemical.
• 1941 onwards – the company disposed 20,000 tones
of hazardous wastes into the unfinished canal.
 Effects of
TOXIC
• Love Canal (Niagara Falls)
• When site was filled with wastes, was no longer used
by the company.
• The Hooker Company sold the site to the Niagara
Falls Board of Education for ‘one dollar’ and stated
in the deed that:
“The premises… have been filled with waste products and the
Board [of Education] assumes all risk and liability… no claim,
suit, action or demand by the [Board] for injury or death.”
 Effects of
TOXIC
• Love Canal (Niagara Falls)
• 1953 – the thickness of the cap reduced from 3
meters to 1 meter.
• 1957 – the Board developed the site into residential
area, Hooker company protested but the Board
proceed with their plans.
• 1976 – multiple reports of illnesses and seeping of
chemicals was made public through the local press.
 Effects of
TOXIC
• Love Canal (Niagara Falls)
• August 2, 1978 – nearby school was
temporarily closed and pregnant women and
children living in the immediate vicinity were
evacuated.
• 1979 – number of birth defects and
miscarriages were registered.
 Impacts of
TOXIC
Water Pollution – is contamination of water bodies. It
occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or
indirectly into the bodies
EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION
A. Extinction of aquatic animals.
B. Disruption of Food chains.
C. Diseases
D. Destruction of Ecosystem
E. Human Survival
 Impacts of
TOXIC
Air Pollution – is the presence of a substance into the air
which has harmful or poisonous effect.
EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION
A. Acid Rain
B. Eutrophication
C. Ground-Level Ozone
 Impacts of
TOXIC
Health – wastes carries risks for humans and wildlife if
accumulated directly or indirectly.
HEALTH EFFECTS
A. Cancer
B. Respiratory Conditions
C. Heart Diseases
D. Skin Rash
E. Birth Defects
F. Miscarriages
Transportation, Storage and Disposal of
hazardous &
w a s t e
Transport/ Storage/ Disposal/ Facility – Requirements
• Secure a TSD Facility Permit
• Comply with the waste acceptance requirements
and the Manifest System.
• Provide initial wastes acceptance procedure to
ensure that the TSD facility shall not accept wastes
beyond its capacity (including quantity and quality)
• Submit residuals management plan including results
of analysis.
Transportation, Storage and Disposal of
hazardous &
w a s t e
Transport/ Storage/ Disposal/ Facility – Requirements
• Conduct an inspection.
• Prepare and implement an emergency
contingency plan
• Train its personnel and staff.
• Submit a quarterly report on operation practices.
Transportation, Storage and Disposal of
hazardous &
w a s t e
Transport/ Storage/ Disposal/ Facility – Conditions
• Stored onsite in bags/ containers in a covered
area
• Storage permitted not exceeding 90 days.
• Properly packed and labelled
• Information of HW is indicated.
• Emergency measures is indicated
Transportation, Storage and Disposal of
hazardous &
w a s t e
Criteria for Hazardous Waste Landfills
• Landfill should not be constructed:
• Lake/ Pond – within 200m
• River – within 100 m
• Highway – within 500m
• Habitation - at least 500m from the notified
area
Transportation, Storage and Disposal of
hazardous &
w a s t e
Site for Development of TSDF to be Located in the are
having:
• Low population density
• Low alternate land use value
• Low GW contamination potential
• Having clay content in the sub-soil
 Treatment of
TOXIC
• Bioremediation (with bacteria)
• Phytoremediation (with plants)
• Secure Landfills
• Surface Impoundments
• Solidification
• Incineration
• Deep - well Injection
• Waste Minimization
 Treatment of
TOXIC
• Bioremediation (with bacteria)
- a biological degrading processes for the
treatment of contaminated soils, groundwater
and/ or sediments, relying on microorganisms
including bacteria and/ or fungi to use the
contaminant/s as a food source with resulting
degradation of the contaminant.
 Treatment of
TOXIC
• Bioremediation (with bacteria)
- remedy to abate or cleanup contamination.
- According to EPA, it is a treatment that uses
naturally occurring organisms to break down
hazardous substances into less toxic or non toxic
substances.
 Treatment using
BIO
Ground Water
 Treatment using
BIO
Ground Water
 Treatment using
BIO

SOIL
 Treatment of
TOXIC
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• Low cost (In-situ/Ex-situ) • Time Consuming
• Minimal Site disruption • Seasonal Variation
• Simultaneous treatment of
• Limited to the compounds that
contaminated water and soil
• Minimal exposure of public and site are biodegradable
personnel • Not all compounds are
• Useful for the complete destruction susceptible to rapid and
of a wide variety of contaminants complete degradation
• Can often carried out on site
• Less expensive than other
technologies used for cleanup of
HW
 Treatment of
TOXIC
• Phytoremediation (with plants) - (‘phyto’ means
plant) defined as “the efficient use of plants to
remove, detoxify or immobilize environmental
contaminants in the soil, water or sediments
through the natural biological, chemical or
physical activities and processes of the plants”
 Treatment using
phyto
 Treatment of
TOXIC
ADVANTAGES
• Easy to establish
• Inexpensive
• Can reduced material
dumped into landfills
• Produces little air pollution
compared to incineration
• Low energy use
DISADVANTAGES
• Slow (can take several
growing seasons)
• Effective using depth plant
roots that can reach
• Some toxic organic chemicals
may evaporate from plant
leaves
• Some plants can become
toxic to animals.
 Treatment of
TOXIC
• Secure Landfills - is a carefully engineered area that is
used to deposit waste products. Typically, a secure
landfill is a hole in the ground, but may also be built
above ground. If the depression is in the ground, it
must provide a 3 meter (10 foot) separation between
the bottom of the landfill and the underlying bedrock
or groundwater table.
 Treatment using
SECURED
 Treatment of
TOXIC
• Surface Impoundments
ponds lined with plastic and clay. Water
Evaporates from the hazardous wastes,
leaving hazardous solid residue that can be
buried.
 Treatment using
surface
 Treatment of
TOXIC
ADVANTAGES
• Low construction costs
• Low operating costs
• Can be built quickly
• Wastes can be easily
retrieved if necessary
• Can store wastes indefinitely
with secure double liners.
DISADVANTAGES
• Groundwater contamination
from leaking liners (or no lining)
• Air pollution from volatile
organic compounds
• Overflow from flooding
• Disruption and leakage from
earthquakes
 Treatment of
TOXIC
• Solidification (Encapsulation) – used to inactivate and
immobilize contaminants prior to landfilling.
Hazardous Waste processed by Solidification and
Stabilization Facility (SSF):
• Mercury contaminated solid waste
• Sulfur
• Semi-solid Hazardous Wastes
• Sludge from liquid Hazardous Wastes.
 Treatment of
TOXIC
• Solidification (Encapsulation) General Binding and
Sorbent Materials
• Cement
• Pozzolans
• Lime
• Silica
• Organically Modified Clays
 Treatment of
TOXIC
• Incineration a disposal method in which solid
organic wastes are subjected to combustion so
as to convert them into residue and gaseous
products.
• This process reduces the volume of solid waste
to 20 to 30 percent of the original volume.
 Treatment of
TOXIC
• Incineration
• Converts waste materials into gas, steam and
ash.
• Controlled process of burning mixed solid
waste at extremely high temperatures
• Better than open – burning but can create
new chemical compounds and emit toxic
chemicals.
 Treatment using
incin
 Treatment of
TOXIC
• Deep - well Injection
• Hazardous waste is pumped deep
underground into porous and stable rock
formations , away from aquifers.
 Treatment using
DEEP-WELL
 Treatment of
TOXIC
• Waste Minimization
• Source correction and equipment
modification
• Reducing by-products
• Reuse as a raw material
• Recycle with innovation
• Recover valuable materials
• Waste exchange
TOXIC& HAZARDOUS
waSte Treatment
Produce Less Waste
Manipulate Processes to Recycle and Reuse
eliminate or reduce production.

Convert (treat) to Less or Non Hazardous Substance

Chemical or physical treatment Incineration

Put in Perpetual Storage

Secure Landfill Underground Injection Surface Impoundments
 Laws governing
• Republic Act No. 6969
• Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear
Wastes Control Act of 1990.
• Eight Congress
• October 26, 1990
• An act to control toxic substances and
Hazardous Waste providing penalties for
violations thereof, and for other purposes.
•A law designed to respond to increasing problems
associated with toxic chemicals and hazardous and
nuclear wastes.
•RA 6969 mandates control and management of
import , manufacture, process , distribution , use,
transport, treatment and disposal of toxic
substances.
• the act seeks to protect public health and the
environment from unreasonable risks posed by the
substances in the Philippines.
 Laws governing
• Municipal Environment Code of Carmona
• Chapter V – Hazardous and Toxic Materials
• Section 92: Toxic Substances and Hazardous
Waste Control
• Section 93: Manufacturer of Toxic and other
Chemical Substances
• Section 94: Ban on Extremely Toxic
Chemicals
• SECTION 92. Toxic Substances and Hazardous Waste Control.
The Municipal Government shall require all persons and
entities dealing with toxic substances and hazardous materials
to comply with full disclosure procedures in the following
manner: 259 (1) Manufacturers are required to present
material fact sheet, which should explain or describe the
quantity, toxicity, ignitability, flammability and leaching
potentials of the chemicals manufactured. (2) Transporters are
required to submit to the Municipal Government ahead of time
a manifest, which will contain the material fact sheet, the origin
and destination of the material in transport, the transit time
and the route where the hazardous or toxic material will
traverse
•. (3) Primary users are required to present to the
Municipal Government and maintain for periodic
inspection by competent authorities, a disclosure
document which will contain the quantity of the
chemicals, type of use, storage facilities and safety
measures. (4) Secondary users shall likewise be
required to submit to the Municipal Government
and maintain for periodic inspection by competent
authorities, a disclosure document similar to that
required of the primary users.
•SECTION 93. Manufacturer of Toxic and Other Chemical
Substances. All industrial establishments engaged in the
manufacture, processing, and utilization of chemical
substances shall submit to Municipal authorities a
comprehensive occupational safety
•and hazard mitigation program, which consider
conditions within its complex and immediate vicinities.
The Municipal Government through the Municipal
Environment and Natural Resources Office shall
promulgate the necessary procedural guidelines and
regulations in chemical handling within the
Municipality.
• SECTION 94. Ban on Extremely Toxic Chemicals. It shall ban the
employment or utilization of extremely toxic and dangerous chemicals
in any operational phase of factories, processing plants and agro-
chemical establishments including transport or transshipment within
the boarders of the Municipality taking into account the provisions of
R.A. 6969 otherwise known as the Toxic Substances and Hazardous and
Nuclear Waste Control Act of 1990 and its implementing rules and
regulations in DENR Department Administrative Order No. 29.
• SECTION 99. Limitation of Production Capacity. All industrial,
manufacturing and similar business establishments shall operate only
within the capacity limits of their respective waste treatment facilities
in order to maintain the quality of the environment within the
standards required by the Municipal Government.
 Inventions for
TOXIC
• MIT Magnets
mix water-repellent ferrous nanoparticles into the
oil plume, then utilize a magnet to simply lift the
oil out of the water
the nanoparticles could be magnetically
removed from the oil and reused
believed that this ability to recover and reuse the
oil would offset much of the cost of cleanup
 Inventions for
TOXIC
• Hydrogasifier
Invented by Roberto V. Celis
Uses water as supplemental fuel for most engine types
Lowers pollutants released into the atmosphere
Uses exhaust gases from the engine to separate water
into hydrogen and oxygen which enter the combustion
chamber to burn the fuel that is in the tank
Lowering carbon emission in the air
 “To betray NATURE is to betray US
To save nature, it to save us
Because whatever your fighting for
Racism or poverty
Feminism, gay rights
Or any type of equality
It wont matter in at least
Because if we don’t all work
together to save the environment
We will be equally… EXTINCT”