Professional Documents
Culture Documents
RUNWAY NUMBERING
NOISE CONTROL
BY
K.KARTHIK CHIATNYA REDDY
M.Tech Transportation Engineering
GMRIT
HOLDING APRON
(or)
A defined area of an airport where aircraft hold until the runway is clear for it.
Holding bays are also known as holding aprons, They are provided at busy
airports near the runways.
They hold Planes Before its Takeoff to wait till the runway is cleared.
RUNWAY NUMBERING
The end of runway is marked with a number that indicates magnetic azimuth.
East end of East-West runway will be marked 27 (for 270 degree) and the west end is
marked 9 for 90 degree
The International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) has established four ways to
reduce aviation noise, called the Balanced Approach to Aircraft Noise Management.
4) restrictions on operations.
Reduction Of Noise At Source:-
• This means identifying ways to reduce the noise that aircraft produce and this is the
single most effective way to cut noise pollution.
Restrictions On Operations:-
This includes things like limitations on operational times – such as not allowing flights to
land or take-off at night – or on the total number of operations. The specific types of aircraft
that could be operated could also be restricted to mitigate impacts on a site-by-site basis.