Professional Documents
Culture Documents
(Part II)
Data Structures
Saqib Saleem
Memory Organization
Process 1
(browser) Code
Process 3
(word) Static data
Process 4 Stack
(excel)
Process 2
(dev-c++)
Windows OS Heap
Stack Layout during a call
Here is stack layout when function F calls function G:
Return address(G)
sp
At point of call During execution of G After call
Queues
1 7 5 2 1 7 5 2
Implementing Queue
1 7 5 2 1 7 5 2
dequeue()
7 5 2 1 7 5 2
Implementing Queue
1 7 5 2 1 7 5 2
enqueue(9)
7 5 2 9 7 5 2 9
Implementing Queue
int dequeue()
{
int x = front->get();
Node* p = front;
front = front->getNext();
delete p;
return x;
}
void enqueue(int x)
{
Node* newNode = new Node();
newNode->set(x);
newNode->setNext(NULL);
rear->setNext(newNode);
rear = newNode;
}
Implementing Queue
int front()
{
return front->get();
}
int isEmpty()
{
return ( front == NULL );
}
Queue using Array
front rear
1 7 5 2
1 7 5 2
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
front rear
0 3
Queue using Array
enqueue(6)
front rear
1 7 5 2 6
1 7 5 2 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
front rear
0 4
Queue using Array
enqueue(8)
front rear
1 7 5 2 6 8
1 7 5 2 6 8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
front rear
0 5
Queue using Array
dequeue()
front rear
7 5 2 6 8
7 5 2 6 8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
front rear
1 5
Queue using Array
dequeue()
front rear
5 2 6 8
5 2 6 8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
front rear
2 5
Queue using Array
enqueue(9)
enqueue(12)
front rear
5 2 6 8 9 12
5 2 6 8 9 12
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
front rear
2 7
enqueue(21) ??
Queue using Array
0 1
front
front rear
7 2 2
12 5
5 2 6 8 9 12
6 9 2
8 6 3 rear
7
5 4
Queue using Array
enqueue(21)
0 1
front rear 21 front size
7 2 2 8
12 5
5 2 6 8 9 12 21
6 9 2
8 6 3 rear noElements
0 7
5 4
void enqueue(int x)
{
rear = (rear+1)%size;
array[rear] = x;
noElements = noElements+1;
}
Queue using Array
enqueue(7)
0 1
front rear 21 7 front size
7 2 2 8
12 5
5 2 6 8 9 12 21 7
6 9 2
8 6 3 rear noElements
1 8
5 4
int isFull()
{
return noElements == size;
}
int isEmpty()
{
return noElements == 0;
}
Queue using Array
dequeue()
0 1
Out of the numerous uses of the queues, one of the most useful is
simulation.
A simulation program attempts to model a real-world phenomenon.
Many popular video games are simulations, e.g., SimCity,
FlightSimulator
Each object and action in the simulation has a counterpart in real
world.
Uses of Queues