Abas, Ade, Macabago, Mandugay

Research Problem
to know the relationship between water
hyacinth ash as additives in cement
and the setting time of the mortar
Objectives
This study sought to determine how water
hyacinth ash additives on cement in mortar
affects the setting time. Specifically, this
study aimed to determine the following:
1. To determine the properties of water
hyacinth ash and cement;
2. To determine the effect of adding
different weight percentage of water
hyacinth ash to the setting time of mortar;
3. To determine the difference in
compressive strength of the concrete at
the maximum setting time to that of a
normal concrete mix;
4. To determine the relationship of the
percent cement replacement and the
compressive strength of the concrete;
- a free-floating perennial aquatic
plant that mostly occurs in tropical
countries
- may rise above the water surface
by as much as one meter in height.
If not controlled, this plant will cover
the rivers, lakes, and ponds
water hyacinth is
a major problem
as it is one of the
major causes of
flooding
Properties of Water
Hyacinth
- fragments of lignocelluloses which could
have partially dissolved in water could
multiply the binding effect of these
compounds on cement.
- according to Hewlett (1988), lignin is a
water-reducing agent but accelerator of
setting of cement due to increased
binding.
- the second main component is
the fatty acid groups. Presence of fatty
acids such as palmitic acid and linoleic
acid could very well answer the reason
for delayed setting time and
increased compressive strength
Setting time
setting properties of concrete is the
most important part in the field of
concrete construction (Brooks et al.,
2000). It helps in the development of
different kinds of concreting operations
such as transporting, placing,
compacting and finishing of concrete.
Additives
cement additive, which is evolved from
grinding aids, is a special chemical
agent that is used to intergrind with
clinker to increase the grinding
efficiency of ball mill and to improve the
performance of finished cement
Retarders
- additives designed for areas where
early setting of concrete is not
preferable
- examples of this are high ambient
temperatures, long travel times between
concrete plants and job site, large slow
pours – to prevent formation of cold
joints and others
Accelerators
- admixtures for the use in concrete,
mortar, rendering or screeds
- the addition of an accelerator speeds
the setting time and thus cure time starts
earlier; this allows concrete to be
placed in winter with reduced risk of
frost damage