UNIT --------3

WINDOWS
•The Operating System like MS-DOS provides a text based or
character based interface to the user.
•User is shown aCommand prompt,like C:\> in MS-DOS.At
this Command prompt ,user is required to type the command
and press Enter Key.After entering the Enter key, OS Comes to
know that the user has finished its inputs and the OS Starts
processing on the input.
•Every Statement typed at the prompt should be valid
command understood by the OS.
This approach of the user interface has some drawbacks
with it:---
•If the command typed at the prompt is misspelled,OS does not
recognize the command and thus,no work is carried out.
•If the command is wrong,misspelled then the OS responds with
the cryptic error.The error messages are short in length and it is
sometimes difficult to understand the error.
•If the text based interface, if the user has given the command at
the command prompt and pressed enter key,there is no way he
can change the command after that command. So we are facing
many problems so there is the need to change the Interface.The
new Interface that is Commonly known as Graphical User
Interface(GUI)
•In GUI there is no need of a prompt to be shown to user,every
command that is to be run ,is depicted with the diagram known
as icon.These devices uses mouse(pointing devices) which
shows an arrow like cursor which you can select and execute the
required command.
 GUI CONCEPTS
• All the programs should interact with the user in a consistent
manner.
• Whatever typed on the screen should be produced As it is on
the paper with printer.If the user wants some words to be
bold,then it should also be shown on screen as bold.This
feature is known as “What you see is What you Get”.
• GUI use pointing devices like mouse to take input from the
user which involves less typing from the user.
• Whenever a program needs to collect information from the
user or needs certain option to offer to the user, it should be
done through a special rectangular area or window known as
“Dialog Box”.
 WINDOWS
• Window is a family of OS developed by the Microsoft
Corporation .
• It provides the GUI based package designed to make
computer spontaneous and easy to use.Window comes in
various version like Window 95,98,2000,Window
XP,Vista,Window 7 and Window 8.
• Earlier version of Windows like Window 2.0,3.0,3.1 and
Window 3.11 were not operating system in themselves they
were just an extension of DOS
• With Window,the user can move a cursor around the screen
with the mouse to perform various operations like opening
and closing a file,start and work with software
applications,run more than one applications at a time etc.
 FEATURES OF WINDOW OS
• It is capable of multitasking i.e. it can execute more than one
task simultaneously.
• It has built in internet functionality to set up links and access
internet with less amount of software and hardware
requirement.
• A vast number of software like---notepad,Wordpad,Ms-paint
and calculator is available for use under window paltform.
• It supports the Plug-n-Play feature,this means user can
directly attach the peripheral devices to the computer and
window automatically detect and installs the device.
• The screensaver protect our computer screen from burning
when it is not being used for a long time.
•Various operations like:--creating,deleting,copying files and
folder can be done easily by just clicking on the graphical icons.

•It also supports multimedia applications programs, which help

us to play songs, movies and animations etc.

•The feature of “Control Panel” helps user to manipulate the

hardware and software components of the computer system.

•It has a special disk compression programs that helps the user to
store the data in hard Disk in a compressed format, which results
in saving a lot of disk space.

• It enables user to have the file names up to 255 characters long

which was limited to 8 characters in MS-DOS.
 WINDOW VERSIONS
 Window 1:--It was released in November 1985.It was not an
operating system but was the extension of DOS.
• It allows users to switch between the applications without
closing them.
 Window 2:---Released in December 1987.In this window
could overlap each other.
• It introduced the ability to minimize and maximize window
instead of iconising and zooming.
• It support VGA display system,which allow user to use 16
colors at 640*480 resolutions.
 Window 3.0:--- It was developed in May 1990 that offers
better icons, applications and multitasking.
Window 3.1:--- Released in April 1992 and add a feature
“WYSIWYG” or What you see Is What you Get Interface.
•it add the ability to close the applications by pressing
Ctrl+Alt+Del.
Window 3.11:---Released in November 1993.It required
2MB of RAM to run.
Window 95:--- Released in August 1995 and it changed the
face of Window forever.
•It supports Plug-n-Play feature to make hardware installations
easier.
•It brought the Start Button and Start Menu , completely new
interface for the user.
Window 98:--- Released in June25, 1998.It include internet
explorer 4.0.It support number of new technologies like USB
and DVD.It Introduce back and forward navigation button .
•It supports long filename and 16Mb of RAM to run.
Window NT:---it is 32 bit operating system released in July
1993.There are two versions of Window NT:--Window NT
Server designed to act as server in networks and Window NT
Workstation for client workstations.
Window 2000:-- it was released in Feb,2000.It is an
operating System for business desktop and laptop systems to
run software applications,connect to internet and access
files,printers.
Window ME:-- it is called as Window Millennium to be
relaesed in June 19,2000.It add improved feature like Movie
Maker and Windows Media Player.
Window XP:-- it was launched by Microsoft in 2001 for use
on personal computers, including home and business desktops,
laptops and media centres.
•It requires 64 MB to run. It enhances the reliability ,security
and performance of computer.
Window Vista:--it was released in January 2007.
•It has multiple languages speech recognition which allow
dictation and activation of commands.
•It protect against the latest generation of threads ,such as
worms,viruses.
Windows 7:-- it was released in 2009.It comes in various
editions including Starter,Home Premium ,Professional
,Ultimate etc.
Windows 8:--Released in October 2012.It include improved
search tools,which is able to find what you need quickly and
easily.It has built in antivirus program called window
Defender,which can protect you from other types of malware
such as Spyware.
 WINDOW --7
• It is an operating System launched by Microsoft for use on
personal computer,including home and business
desktops,laptops netbooks and tablets in 2009.It comes in six
versions.:--Window 7 Starter, Window 7 Home Basic,
Window 7 Home Premium, Window 7 Professional, Window
7 Enterprise, Window 7 Ultimate.
FEATURES OF WINDOW 7 OS:---
• Fast Booting:--In Window7 OS,you can expect faster boot
times than earlier Windows.The Average Windows 7 machine
will boot up to in under 60 seconds.
• Improved Taskbar:--It has more attractive taskbar with more
attractive icons.The taskbar is now more convenient to use
with larger views and easier access.
•Wireless Connectivity:--wireless devices are more easily
installed ,and many more devices are supported with windows 7.
•Battery Performance:--it offers more intelligence than vista
when it comes to powering peripherals and running
applications.Window has improved sleep and hibernation
features.
•Compatibility:--the flexibility of Window 7 gives users the
ability to run almost any software that is Windows compatible.

BENEFITS OF WINDOW 7 OS:---

•You can start your PC quickly with fast startup. It also offers
fast shutdown as well as fast recovery from problems.

•Window 7 allows you schedule automatic periodic backup to

save your data or entire system images to a network location or
a local drives.
•Window 7 Action Center gives you one place to view,
diagnose and solve common PC Problems.
•It protect your business confidential information, such as credit
card number or employee information with the Encrypting File
System.
•It allows you to look for keywords in documents,emails,
attached storage devices and can expand the search to
networked servers and designated web pages.
DRAWBACKS OF WINDOW 7:--
•The hardware configuration of Window 7 is the main
disadvantage. Window 7 needs RAM capacity of atleast 1 GB.
•New Users find it difficult to use Windows7 whereas advanced
user are convinient .
•Many applications have failed to run in Windows7 and they are
asking for online support.
•Old software are not compatible with Window 7.
STARTING WINDOWS 7:--
•Turn on your computer.Windows7 welcome screen appears.
•Click the icon that corresponds to your Windows7 user name.
Windows7 prompts you to enter your password.
•Type your password.
•Click on Go arrow or Press ENTER KEY.The Windows7
desktop appears after few moments.

WINDOWS 7 DESKTOP:---
When we start our computer ,the first thing we see is the
DESKTOP.The Desktop is our work area,where we can access
everything we need to operate our computer,such as system
components,applications,the internet etc.The desktop is split into
two areas,the bottom area with clock to the right and the start
button to the left is called Taskbar.The rest space where all the
programs,documents and folder appear.
DESKTOP CONTAINS:------
1. START BUTTON:--The start button allows us to open menus
and start applications.
2. TASKBAR:--The taskbar is located on the botton edge of the
desktop,The Start button,active programs ,icons for quick
access to programs and the current time are located on the
taskbar.
3. ICONS OR GRAPHICAL PICTURES:--- The small
graphical pictures on the desktop are called icons.For
Example:--My Computer,Recycle Bin and internet Explorer
etc.

SHUT DOWN WINDOWS 7:---

• Click Start.The start menu appears.
• Click Shut Down.Window 7 shut down and turn off your
computer.
 ICONS
• OBJECT ICONS:--My computer,Recycle Bin and Internet
Explorer are called as object icons.These icons allow us to
open files and programs on our computer.
• SHORT CUT ICONS:--allows us to open an applications
quickly. These icons appear on our desktop and with little
arrow in the left corner.
TO OPEN A PROGRAM USING THE ICON:--
• Place mouse over the icon.Text appears identifying its name
or contents.Then, double click the icons.
• TASKBAR:-- it is thin split that runs across the bottom of
your screen. It split into number of areas:--Start button , Quick
Launch icons, a notification area and a clock.
Start button :--it can be found in the botton left of your
screen.Click the start button once with the left mouse button and
you will see a menu (Start menu)appear.
Quick Launch icons:---you can quickly launch any of the
programmes that you want to see there. When you hold your
mouse over the icons ,you will see a small popup rectangle that
shows you a preview of any open window, Click on the preview
window and it opens the program in the screen.
Notification area:-- it is also called as System Tray,is the area
where you can view programmes and task that are running in the
background and the messages about updating updating your
computer.
Clock:-- it is the current time and date on your computer .To see
the full date, position the mouse pointer over the time.To change
the date or time ,click the time.
 CONTROL PANEL
• It allows users to view and manipulate basic system settings
and controls,such as adding hardware,adding and removing
software,comtrolling the user accounts etc.For Example:--
you can replace the standard mouse pointers with the
animated icons that move on our screen.
USES OF CONTROL PANEL:---
• Setting display properties such as wallpaper, screensaver and
color settings.
• Setting mouse properties like speed of mouse & double click.
• Specifying the regional settings like time zone.
• Adding and removing programs & software in window.
• Adding new hardware to computer.
OPEN THE CONTROL PANEL:---
•Click Start Button on the Taskbar.
•Click Control Panel on the Start Menu.The Control Panel
opens.
1. Category view:--the control panel is displayed in category
view,which has eight categories:-System & security,User
accounts,Network & Internet,Hardware &
Sound,programs,clock & language & region,Ease of Access
and Appearance and Personalisation.
2. Small Icons:--- this will display all the small,invidual
Control panel program icons in the Control Panel.
3. Large Icons:-- this will display all the large ,invidual
Control panel program icons in the Control Panel. Window
will display an alphabetical listing of programs on the screen
ranging from Action Center to Window Update.
 GADGETS
• Gadgets are the mini applications for windows7 desktop that
give you access to frequently changing information,such as
the current time,weather,stock quotes,new feeds etc.
TO ADD GADGETS,THE STEPS ARE:--
• Right click the desktop and then choose gadgets from the
shortcut menu. Window will open the Gadget Window that
displays all the gadgets on your computer.
• Double click the icons of the gadgets you want to add to the
desktop.Window adds the gadget to the right side of the
window desktop.
• When you finish adding gadgets, click the Close button in the
Gadget Gallery window.
 ACCESSORIES
• Windows 7 has a group of specialized utilities known as
accessories that can help you to do work on the computer.For
Example:--calculator, paint program,notepad,Wordpad etc
• To use these utilities:--Choose StartAll
ProgramsAccessories and then click the name of particular
accessory you want to use.
 CALCULATOR:---It is effective tool designed for doing
quick calculations,you can perform addition,substraction,
factorial and logarithmic operations.
To open the calculator:---Click Start all
ProgramsAccessoriesCalculator
PAINT:--- It is drawing tool that you can use to create blank
and white or color drawings.It offers you number of brush, lines
and fill tools that you can use while drawing a new image .It
saves the images in various format like JPEG,GIF,TIFF and
PNG.
To open the paint:---Click Start all Programs Accessories
Paint.

NOTEPAD:--- It is a basic text editor that you can use to

open and edit text files.The File Menu in notepad has various
commands like NEW,OPEN,SAVE & SAVE AS,PAGE SETUP
AND PRINT which are useful for editing the text file.
To open the notepad:---Click Start all Programs
Accessories Notepad.
WORDPAD:--It offers you basic word procesing,You can use
Wordpad to compose and print simple documents such as letters
etc.It is a Word Proceesor that is more advanced than notepad
but not as advanced as Word Processor.
To open the wordpad:---Click Start all Programs
Accessories Wordpad.

COMMAND PROMPT:--You can use the command prompt

window where you can directly run the computer system
commands by typing at the command prompt and then pressing
the ENTER Key.
To open the command prompt:---Click Start all Programs
Accessories Command prompt.
RUN—You can use Run accessory to launch the programs or
even open documents that for some reason fail to open
automatically using the Windows7. To launch a program type its
location(including drive letter and folder path) in the Open Text
box and then click OK.
To open the Run:---Click Start all Programs Accessories
Run.
 MY COMPUTER
• It is a section of MS-Window OS that was introduced wit the
release of Windows 95.Although,the name of “My Computer”
has changed to “Computer” in Windows7.

To open My Computer:--
 Go to the Window desktop.
 Double click the MyComputer/Computer icon,this icon is
located on the top left position of the desktop.
OR
• You can also access My Computer/Computer through the Start
Menu.You will get My Computer/Computer ,Click it to open.
USES OF MY COMPUTER:--
 It helps the user to explore the contents of their computer
drives,whether it is hard drive,floppy drive,CD-ROM or Pen
drive.
 It is used to manage the files and folder,it is a tool used to
create ,rename and move folders,copy,paste,print ,delete
files etc.

RESTART WINDOWS 7:--

Shutdown all your running programs.
Click Start.The Start menu appears.
Click on power Button arrow.Click on Restart.
Window will be shutdown and your computer restarts.
 RECYCLE BIN
• It resembles like a wastebasket,where we put a file or folder if
we want to delete it.Window 7 puts all items that you delete in
Recycle Bin,anything you delete anywhere in window goes to
Recycle Bin and stays there until you empty the Recycle Bin.
To open Recycle Bin Window:--
• Double click the Recycle bin icon on the desktop.
• Recycle Bin Window will open.
To Fill Recycle Bin :-- Select the folders or files you no longer
need, drag their icons to the Recycle Bin icon on the desktop
and drop them in.
To Rescue Stuff from Recycle Bin :--
•Open the Recycle Bin and then select the icons for items that
you want to restore.
•Click the Restore This Item button OR Click on Restore the
selected Items buttons on the Recycle Bin Windows toolbar.

To Rescue all the Stuff from Recycle Bin :--

Open the Recycle Bin and Click the Restore All Items button on
the Recycle Bin Windows toolbar.

To Empty Recycle Bin :--

Open the Recycle Bin and Click the Empty the Recycle Bin
button on Recycle Bin Windows toolbar.
 MINIMIZING,MAXIMIZING AND
RESTORING WINDOWS
• It allows user to easily enlarge, hide or shrink a window using
the Minimize,Maximize and Restore buttons.
• Minimize button is a small dash(or minus sign).It shrinks the
window and places it on the taskbar while leaving the
program running.
• Maximize button is like a small window is used to enlarge a
window.Close Button is a cross button to close the window.
• After a window is maximized, the maximize button changes
to Restore button.It look like two window near one another,if
you click the restore button,the maximized window shrinks to
its previous size.
 FILES AND FOLDERS
• Files are the collection of information.All the information
stored in computer is stored in file.There are many different
types of files like doc,txt,eml,xls,html,ppt,mdb.Each file
store different types of information.Each file is given a
filename and has a three-letter filename extension that defines
the file type.
TO CREATE A NEW FILE:--
• Open the window where you want the new file to create.
• Right click the blank area in window’s display and then
choose new from the Shortcut menu that appears.
• Choose the type of file you want to create(like MS-
Word,Excel,Text Document etc)from the new submenu.
•Replace the temporary filename by typing the file name of your
choice and press Enter Key.
TO RENAME A FILE:--
•Locate the File.Right Click the file icon.
•Choose Rename.The File is highlighted in blue, ready to be
retyped .
•Type the new name and press Enter.The file is renamed.

TO DELETE A FILE:--
•Choose the file which you want to delete.
•Right Click on the File Icon.Choose Delete.
•A Confirm File Delete dialog box will appear asking user
whether you surely want to delete the file.
•Choose YES.
•The File is moved to the Recycle Bin.
Folders are the data container in Windows 7.They can contain
files,other folders or a combination of files and folder.
CREATING,RENAMING AND DELETING FOLDERS:--
To create a new folder:--
•Open the window where in which the new folder is to be
appear.
•Click the New Folder button on the Windows toolbar.
•Replace the temporary folder name by typing the name of your
choice and then press ENTER key.

To rename a folder:--
•Select the folder.Right click on the folder icon.
•Choose Rename.The Folder name is highlighted in blue,ready
to be retyped.
•Type a new name and press ENTER.
To Delete a folder:--
•Select the folder. Right click on the Folder icon.Choose Delete.
•A Confirm Folder Delete dialog box will appear asking user
whether you surely want to delete the folder.
•Choose YES.
•The Folder is moved to the Recycle Bin.

Copying and Moving the Files and Folders:--

1. Drag and Drop :--- You select items in the window and then
drag then to the another open window where you drop them
into place
2. Cut and Paste:-- You copy or cut the selected items to the
windows clipboard and then paste them into another folder.
THANKYOU