A C M V

PSYCHROMETRY
Part 2

What was gained from

the recent GDC visit?

What are the

differences between
GDC and Conventional
Water Cooled AC
system
BASIC MOIST AIR PROCESSES

COOLING

COOLING & DEHUMIDIFICATION

ADIABATIC AIR MIXING

COOLING

COOLING OF MOIST AIR

Without loss or gain of moisture,

cooling is represented by a horizontal
line on the psychrometric chart.

Ditto with
heating.
COOLING

COOLING
COOLING

COOLING OF MOIST AIR

Cooling of Moist Air

In usual cases in Malaysia, seldom can

get cooling without condensation.

It occurs because the cooling coil

temperature is below the dew point
temperature
COOLING

COOLING OF MOIST AIR

Energy Balance:

m a h2  Q  m a h1

Enthalpy
h1  ha1  hv1
(per unit mass of dry air)
COOLING

COOLING OF MOIST AIR

Equation for Cooling:

Q  m a h2  h1 


OR
Q  m a C p T2  T1 

Cp = Cpa + Cpv = 0.245 Btu/(Ibma.°F)
 COOLING
&
DEHUMIDIFYING
 COOLING & DEHUMIDIFYING
Cooling and Dehumidifying

Moist air that passes through a cooled

surface that is below the dew point
temperature will have condensation.

Normally occurs in Air Handling Units

(AHU), when air passes through the
cooling coil.
Consider Malaysia’s weather condition for thermal comfort:
Tdb : 22-24°C, RH: 55%
In the month of January,
Tdb: 35°C and humidity ratio: 20 g of H20/kg of dry air.
Sketch the conventional air condition system using a
psychrometric chart.
COOLING & DEHUMIDIFYING

Cooling & Dehumidifying

Cooling & Dehumidifying
13: dehumidification. 32: cooling
 COOLING & DEHUMIDIFYING

Energy Balance:

m a ,1h1  Q  m a , 2 h2  m w hw
Mass Balance

m a ,11  m w  m a , 2 2
Heat Transfer Equation:

Q  m a h1  h2   m a 1   2  hw
 COOLING & DEHUMIDIFYING

Cooling and dehumidifying involve:

• latent heat transfer
  Q  Q
Q
• sensible heat transfer s l

In cooling and dehumidifying:

• Latent heat transfer rate is related to
the decrease in humidity ratio.
• Sensible heat transfer rate is related to
decrease in dry bulb temperature
 COOLING & DEHUMIDIFYING

Sensible Heat:

Q s  m a C p T1  T2 

Latent Heat

Q l  m a 1   2 h fg
 COOLING & DEHUMIDIFYING

With respect to psychrometric chart:

Latent Heat Q s  m a h1  h3 

Sensible Heat Ql  m a h3  h2 


 COOLING & DEHUMIDIFYING

SENSIBLE HEAT FACTOR

Own
Q s Reading
SHF 
Q refer to the protractor

Sign convention:
Heat transfer from the air is negative.
Heat transfer to the air is positive
 Desiccant based air conditioning system

A desiccant is a hygroscopic substance that attracts

water from air.

Example: Silica gel, CaCl2, LiBr

 Desiccant based air conditioning system

Two types:
1. Solid desiccant air conditioning system
2. Liquid desiccant air conditioning system
 SENSIBLE HEAT FACTOROwn
Reading
Cooling and dehumidifying means both
sensible and latent heat transfer are
away from the air, thus both are
negatives, and SHF becomes positive

When air is being cooled sensibly, but

large latent heat is gained, SHF will be
negative if the magnitude of ql is larger
than qs.
ADIABATIC
MIXING
The mixing is adiabatic because
there is no heat transfer in the
system where the mixing occurs;
i.e there’s no cooling coil yet.
ADIABATIC
MIXING

ADIABATIC MIXING MOIST AIR

Mixing of two streams of moist air is very
common is centralised system that uses
AHU or FCU
ADIABATIC
MIXING
Energy Balance
m a1h1  m a 2 h2  m a 3h3

Mass Balance
of Water Vapor:
m a11  m a 2 2  m a 3 3

Mass Balance of These equations can be

Dry Air: used to determine State 3
m a1  m a 2  m a 3 (i.e. result of mixing)
ADIABATIC
MIXING

Determination of state 3:
(by use of triangle rule in psychrometric chart)

h2  h3  2   3 m a1
 
h3  h1  3  1 m a 2

m a1 L32 m a1 L32 m a 2 L13

  
m a 2 L13 m a 3 L12 m a 3 L12
ADIABATIC
MIXING

Determination of state 3:
(by use of triangle rule in psychrometric chart)

m a 1
m a 2 h1  h2
h3 
1 m a 1
m a 2

m a 1
1   2
3  m a 2

1 m a 1
m a 2
ADIABATIC
MIXING

ADIABATIC MIXING MOIST AIR

Example:

500 cfm

Tdb=90°F
Twb=75°F

3000 cfm
Tdb=60°F
Twb=50°F

Find , Tdb and Twb at state 3

ADIABATIC
MIXING

ADIABATIC MIXING MOIST AIR

Solution: m a 1
1   2
3  m a 2
Earlier given: 1 m a 1
m a 2

500 ft 3 60 min 1 Ib ma
m a1    3
 2114 hr
Ib ma

min 1 hr 14.19 ft
3000 ft 3 60 min 1 Ib ma
m a 2     13,626 Ib ma
hr
min 1 hr 13.21ft 3
ADIABATIC
MIXING

ADIABATIC MIXING MOIST AIR

Solution (con’t):
1 = 0.0154, 2 = 0.0053
m a1
1   2 2114
0.0154  0.0053
3  m a 2
 13626

1 m a 1
m a 2 1  13626
2114

 3  0.0067 Ib mv
Ib ma
ADIABATIC
MIXING

ADIABATIC MIXING MOIST AIR

Solution (con’t):

Knowing that  3  0.0067 Ib mv

Ib ma

The intersection of 3 with the line

connecting states 1 and 2 in the
psychrometric chart gives the mixture
state 3.
ADIABATIC
MIXING

Solution
 = 0.0067
Tdb= 63°F
Twb= 54°F

END