Seismic Inversion for

Reservoir Characterization

SEISMIC INVERSION CONCEPT

 The Basic Concept of Inversion

Advanced Seismic Technologies for Reservoir Characterization, Jakarta 2003

Advanced Seismic Technologies for Reservoir Characterization, Jakarta 2003
 The convolutional model:
The most basic and commonly used one-dimensional model
for the seismic trace.

s(t) = w(t) * r(t) + n(t)

s(t) = the seismic trace,
w(t) = a seismic wavelet,
r(t) = subsurface reflectivity, and
n(t) = additive noise
(*) = convolutional operator

An even simpler assumption: (noise free trace)

s(t) = w(t) * r(t)

Advanced Seismic Technologies for Reservoir Characterization, Jakarta 2003

Advanced Seismic Technologies for Reservoir Characterization, Jakarta 2003
 In the frequency domain:
Convolution becomes multiplication (complex)

S(f) = W(f) x R(f)

S(f) = Fourier Transform of s(t)
W(f) = Fourier Transform of w(t)
R(f) = Fourier Transform of r(t)

AMP [S(f)] = AMP [W(f)] x AMP [R(f)]

PHA [S(f)] = PHA [W(f)] + PHA [ R(f)]
AMP = Amplitude Spectrum
PHA = Phase Spectrum

Convolution involves multiplying the amplitude spectra

and adding the phase spectra

Advanced Seismic Technologies for Reservoir Characterization, Jakarta 2003

Normal Incidence Case :
Reflectivity (= Reflection Coefficient) Series is a series of
Acoustic Impedance Contrasts.

r (i) = [ Z(i+1) – Z(i) ] / [ Z(i+1) + Z(i) ]

Z = Acoustic Impedance
Z = Density x Velocity, and Layer i overlies layer i+1

i Z(i)

i+1 Z(i+1)

Advanced Seismic Technologies for Reservoir Characterization, Jakarta 2003

 Reflectivity series

is a series of
impedance contrasts

Advanced Seismic Technologies for Reservoir Characterization, Jakarta 2003

Wavelet … The Zerophase Ricker Wavelet

2020
Hz Hz Ricker
Ricker
Wavelet

40 Hz Ricker
Wavelet

Advanced Seismic Technologies for Reservoir Characterization, Jakarta 2003

 Phase shift (= rotation)

No shift - 90 degree

90 degree 180 degree

Advanced Seismic Technologies for Reservoir Characterization, Jakarta 2003

 Phase shift …

30 degree 60 degree

120 degree 150 degree

Advanced Seismic Technologies for Reservoir Characterization, Jakarta 2003

Advanced Seismic Technologies for Reservoir Characterization, Jakarta 2003
 Incorporating the low frequency
component :

The low frequency component can be

found from:
• a filtered sonic log
• seismic velocity analysis
• a geological model

Advanced Seismic Technologies for Reservoir Characterization, Jakarta 2003

Advanced Seismic Technologies for Reservoir Characterization, Jakarta 2003
Recursive Inversion Procedure
Seismic Section

Scale to Reflectivity

Introduce Low frequencies

Invert to Pseudo Acoustic

Impedance

Correct to Pseudo Velocities

Convert to Depth

Display

Advanced Seismic Technologies for Reservoir Characterization, Jakarta 2003