Definition of Ethics

• Ethics is defined as a system or a moral code

of a particular person, religion, group or
profession or any other social units.
• Ethics is sometimes called as moral
philosophy.
• What is good? What is bad?
• Definition: Literally: Derived from Greek
ethos, means character.
• Technically:

Ethics:
The field of study that has
morality as its subject matter.
(Branch of science)

The values or rules of

conduct held by an individual or a group =
morality/ morals
 Definition of Ethics in Islam
• Ilm al-akhlaq ‫قا‬
( ‫)علم ااالخال‬
• Amal salih (‫) عملصااااالح‬
• Adab ‫ادب‬,
( pl.‫) آداب‬, which means good
manners.
• Purification of the soul (‫ ) تااازكية ااالنفس‬or science
of self-purification‫تصوف‬
( ‫) علم ااال‬
َ‫( فهأ هفلهههمههاَ فجججوهرههاَ هوتهفقهواَّهها‬91:7) َ‫س هوهماَ هسوواَّهها‬
‫هونهفف س‬
َ‫ب همن‬ ‫( هوقهفد هخاَ ه‬91:9) َ‫( قهفد أهففلههح همنَ هزوكاَهها‬91:8)
(91:10) َ‫هدوساَهها‬
By the Soul, and the proportion and order given
to it; And its enlightenment as to its wrong and its
right; Truly he succeeds that purifies it, And he
fails that corrupts it! (al-Shams:7-10)
 Ethics in Arabic is ‘ilm al-Akhlāq (science of
morality), which is the branch of knowledge that
studies akhlaq (morals).

 al-Akhlāq (the plural of khuluq (‫ ))لخاللقا‬refers to

morality, which means a nature, or an innate
disposition, while the word khalq refers to the
physical of man (the body).

 Khuluq is the moral character; or the fashion of the

inner man; his soul and its peculiar qualities and
attributes.

 This inner aspect (khuluq) of man and the outer

aspect (khalq) is INTERELATED and
COMPLIMENTARY to each other.
Cont.
 Cont.

• Ethics for al-Ghazali is “the study of certain religious

beliefs (i‘tiqadat) and of rightness and wrongness of
action for the purpose of practice and not for the sake of
mere knowledge.”

• According to Imam al-Ghazali, character is an established

state (of the soul) from which actions proceed easily
without any need for reflection or deliberation.
7
 Morality as validation of Iman

Definition of Iman:

‫ أ و بض ع‬،‫ اليمان بض ع وس بعون‬: ‫قال هلرسل للول هلالل ل ل هلصاالى ااا عليااه وساالم‬
‫ وأدناه ا اماط ة الذأى ع ن‬، ‫ فأفضله ا ل ال ه ال ا‬،‫وس تون شعب ة‬
(‫)البخاري‬ .‫ والحياء شعبة من اليمان‬،‫الطريقا‬
“Iman has over sixty branches (parts): the highest of which
is the belief that nothing deserves to be worshipped except
Allah and the lowest of which is the removal from the way of
that which might cause harm to anyone. And modesty (haya’
‫ )ااالحياء‬is a branch of it.” (hadith)
8
 Morality as validation of Iman
‫ إذأا‬: ‫ ] آية المنافقا ثلثا‬: ‫• قال رسول ا صلى ا عليه و سلم‬
‫حدثا كذأب وإذأا وعد أخالف وإذأا اؤتمن خاان [ متفقا عليه زاد في‬
[ ‫ ] وإن صام وصلى وزعم أنه مسلم‬: ‫رواية لمسلم‬
"Three are the signs of a hypocrite: When he speaks, he lies; when
he makes a promise, he breaks it; and when he is trusted, he betrays
his trust. (Al-Bukhari and Muslim) Another narration adds the
words: "Even if he observes Saum (fasts), performs
Salat (prayer) and claims to be a Muslim.
 Lacking in good morals = Lacking in faith (iman)
)‫ال سعلسميإه سوسسللسم أسمكسملل امللممؤإمإنيسن إإيسماقنا أسمحسسلنلهمم لخاللققا … )الترمذأى‬
‫صللى ل‬ ‫ سقاسل سرلسولل ل إ‬
‫ا س‬
 “The most perfect believer in faith is the one who is best in moral
character. ..” (al-Tirmidhi)

The level of faith (iman) is proportional to the

level of morals 9
“He who believes in Allah and the Last Day of Judgment is
forbidden to cause any harm to his neighbour, is to be kind to
his guests – especially the strangers, and is to say the truth or
else abstain.” (hadith)

‫ هلل يؤمن أحدكم حتى يحب لخايه ما يحب لنفسه هل‬: ‫قال رسول ال صلى ا عليه وسلم‬
(‫)البخاري‬

“None of you will have faith (will be a true believer) till he

wishes for his (Muslim) brother what he likes for himself.”
(hadith)
Good morals are conditions of validity of Iman

10
Cont…

‫صالتحا ت‬
‫ت‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ال‬ ‫لوا‬
‫ل‬ ‫صتر * إتصن اتلنِإساحن لحتفيِ لخسرر * إتلص الصتذيِن آملنوا وحع ت‬
‫م‬ ‫• ﴿حوالسحع س‬
‫ح‬ ‫تح ح ح‬ ‫ت س‬ ‫ح‬
ِ﴾‫صسبتر‬
‫صسوا بال ص‬‫صسوا بالسححقق حوتَحتحوا ح‬
‫حوتَحتحوا ح‬
(3-1 :‫)العصر‬
“I swear by the time, Most surely man is in loss, Save those
who believe and do good works, and exhort one another to
truth and exhort one another to endurance.” (103: 1-3)

ِ﴾‫• ﴿حوالصتذيِحن حءاحملنوا حوحعتمللوا الصصالتححاتت لأولحئتحك أحسصححالب السحجنصتة لهسم تفيِحها حخالتلدوحن‬
(82 :‫)البقرة‬
“Those who have Faith and work righteousness. They are the
ones who shall be rewarded with Jannah. therein they shall
have an everlasting life”. (2: 82)
11
 Why we have to be moral people?
Spiritual benefits:

• Good morals = voluntary worship

“A believer by virtue of his good morals may attain the
status of one who fasts (voluntary fast) regularly and
performs prayer at night”. (hadith)

• The dearest one to Allah:

When the Prophet (saw) was asked: Whom Allah likes
most amongst His subjects? He replied: “The one who
possesses superior moral qualities”. (hadith)
12
• Good morals eliminate sins – bad morals
spoil virtues
“Courtesy and good morality melt the sins just
like water melts the ice. And immorality spoils
good deeds as vinegar spoils honey.” (hadith)

“A certain woman is famous for her voluntary

prayers, fasting and charities, but she harms
her neighbours. She is in Hell. Another woman
does not do much by way of voluntary prayers
and fasting and she gives pieces of cheese in
charity but she does not harm her neighbours.
She is in the Paradise.” (hadith)
13
Social benefits:

• Stable, secure, and harmonious society

• Directing civilization to a just end

• Strong and peaceful family life

• Good leadership

• Building good reputation

• Wining hearts of people

14
 Commitment To Values
 “Fear Allah wherever and whenever you are (obey his
obligations and avoid his prohibitions) and follow your
sins with virtues so that it will eliminate it, and treat
people with high morals.” (hadith)
 “Do not follow others blindly and say: if people do
good, we do good too, and if they do injustice, we do
too. Rather, make up your minds for yourselves and if
people do something good, do it too, but if they do
something unjust, do not do it yourselves.” (hadith)

15
 The Foundation of Ethics in Islam
A. Division of Knowledge
1. Knowledge as the Real Knowledge
Based on al-Qur’an and the Sunnah of our
beloved Prophet Muhammad(SAW)
2. Knowledge as Information
Other knowledge that is derived not from
the two main sources.
• In the words of Ibn Khaldun: “It should be known that
instruction of children in the Qur’an is a symbol of Islam.
Muslims have, and practice, such instruction in all their cities,
because it imbues hearts with a firm belief [in Islam] and its
articles of faith, which are derived from the verses of the
Qur’an and certain Prophetic traditions. The Qur’an has
become the basis of instruction, the foundation of all habits
that may be acquired later on. The reason for this is that the
things one is taught in one’s youth take root more deeply
[than anything else]. They are the basis of all later knowledge.
The first impression the heart receives is, in a way, the
foundation of [all] habits.”
 B. The True Servant (‘abd) of Allah SWT

• Our beloved Prophet Muhammad (SAW).

• Aishah (RA) said, “The character of the
Emissarry of God (SAW) was the Qur’an.”
• In a hadith, “I was sent only to perfect the
noble qualities of character.”
‫ات يهفبجغوهن هولههج أهفسلههم همنَ تفيِ اَّلوسهماَهواَّ ت‬
‫ت‬ ‫أهفههغفيهر تديتنَ ا‬
(3:83) ‫ض طهفوهعاَ هوهكفرههاَ هوإتلهفيته يجفرهججعوهن‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ف‬
‫ر‬ ‫ه‬ ‫هواَّل‬
Do they seek for other than the Religion of Allah.-
while all creatures in the heavens and on earth
have, willing or unwilling, bowed to His Will
(Accepted Islam), and to Him shall they all be
brought back. (al-Imran:83)
 ‫ك تمنَ بهتنيِ آهدهم تمنَ ظججهوترتهفم جذرريوتههجفم‬ ‫هوإتفذ أههخهذ هربَب ه‬
‫ت بتهربرجكفم هقاَجلوفاَّ بههلىَ هشتهفدهناَ هأن‬
‫هوأهفشهههدهجفم هعهلىَ هأنفجتستهفم أهلهفس ج‬
(7:172) َ‫تهجقوجلوفاَّ يهفوهم اَّفلقتهياَهمتة إتوناَ جكوناَ هعفنَ هههذاَّ هغاَفتتليهن‬
When thy Lord drew forth from the Children of Adam - from their
loins - their descendants, and made them testify concerning
themselves, (saying): "Am I not your Lord (who cherishes and
sustains you)?"- They said: "Yea! We do testify!" (This), lest ye
should say on the Day of Judgment: "Of this we were never
mindful" (al-A’raf:172)
 C. Servanthood (‫)عبداااا‬
• To serve Allah SWT by remembering Him.
• ‫سفامذألكلروإني أسمذألكمرلكمم سوامشلكلروما إلي سولس ستمكفللروإن‬
• “Then do ye remember Me; I will remember
you. Be grateful to Me, and reject not Faith.”
(al-Baqarah:152)
• To serve Him by serving His creatures for His
Cause.
 ‫ي هوهمهماَتتيِ تالت‬ ‫صلهتتيِ هونججستكيِ هوهمفحهياَ ه‬ ‫قجفل إتون ه‬
‫ك أجتمفر ج‬
‫ت هوأهنهاَف‬ ‫ك لههج هوبتهذلت ه‬‫ب اَّفلهعاَلهتميهنَ؛َ له هشتري ه‬
‫هر ر‬
َ‫أهووجل اَّفلجمفسلتتميهنَ؛‬
Say: "Truly, my prayer and my service of sacrifice,
my life and my death, are (all) for Allah, the
Cherisher of the Worlds: No partner hath He: this
am I commanded, and I am the first of those who
bow to His will. (al-An’am, 6:162 – 163)
ِ‫ض إتول آتتي‬
‫ت‬ ‫ف‬
‫ر‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ل‬‫ف‬ َّ‫ا‬ ‫و‬
‫ه‬ ‫ت‬
‫ت‬ َّ‫ا‬ ‫و‬
‫ه‬ َ‫ما‬
‫ه‬ ‫و‬
‫س‬ ‫اَّل‬ ِ‫في‬
‫ت‬ َ‫من‬
‫ه‬ َ‫ب‬
‫ل‬ ‫ج‬
‫ك‬ ‫تإن‬
َّ‫اَّلورفحهمتنَ هعفبهدا‬
Not one of the beings in the heavens and
the earth but must come to ((Allah)) Most
Gracious as a servant. (Maryam, 19:93)
 ‫ب هوأهقتتم اَّل و‬
‫صهلةه إتون‬ ‫ت ت‬ ‫ه‬
َ‫تا‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ف‬
‫ل‬ َّ‫ا‬ َ‫ن‬
‫ه‬ ‫م‬
‫ت‬ ‫ك‬
‫ه‬ ‫ف‬
‫ي‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ل‬ ‫إ‬ ِ‫ي‬‫ح‬ ‫أو‬‫ج‬
‫اَّفتجل هماَ ت ه ت‬
‫صهلةه تهفنههىَ هعتنَ اَّفلفهفحهشاَء هواَّفلجمنهكتر هولهتذفكجر و‬
‫ات‬ ‫اَّل و‬
(29:45) ‫صنهجعوهن‬ ‫اج يهفعلهجم هماَ ته ف‬ ‫أهفكبهجر هو و‬
Recite what is sent of the Book by inspiration to thee, and
establish regular Prayer: for Prayer restrains from shameful
and unjust deeds; and remembrance of Allah is the greatest
(thing in life) without doubt. And Allah knows the (deeds)
that ye do. (al-Ankabut:45)
 ‫ف اَّللوفيتل‬ ‫ض هواَّفختتله ت‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ل‬ َّ‫ا‬ ‫و‬
‫ه‬ ‫ت‬
‫ت‬ َّ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫ه ه‬ َ‫ما‬ ‫و‬
‫س‬ ‫اَّل‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ف‬
‫إتون تفيِ هخ ت‬
‫ل‬
‫( اَّلوتذيهنَ يهفذجكجروهن‬3:190) ‫ب‬ ‫ت رلجفوتليِ اَّلفلهباَ ت‬ ‫هواَّلنوههاَتر لهياَ س‬
‫ق‬
‫ت‬ ‫ف‬
‫ل‬ ‫ه‬
‫خ‬ ِ‫في‬‫ت‬ ‫ن‬‫ه‬ ‫رو‬ ‫ج‬ ‫و‬
‫ك‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ف‬‫ه‬ ‫ت‬‫ه‬ ‫ي‬ ‫و‬
‫ه‬ ‫م‬
‫ف‬ ‫ه‬
‫ت‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ب‬ ‫نو‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ج‬
‫ج‬ َ‫ى‬‫ه‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬
‫ه‬ ‫و‬
‫ه‬ َّ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬
‫د‬ ‫عو‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ق‬ ‫و‬
‫ه‬ َ‫ما‬
‫ه‬ َ‫يا‬
‫ه‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬
‫ت ههذاَّ هباَتطله جسفبهحاَنه ه‬
‫ك‬ ‫ض هربوهناَ هماَ هخلهفق ه‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ت هواَّل‬ ‫اَّلوسهماَهواَّ ت‬
( 3:191
Behold! in the creation of the ) heavens ‫ر‬
‫ت‬ َ‫نا‬ ‫و‬ ‫اَّل‬
and‫ب‬ ‫ه‬
night and day,- there are indeed Signs for men of understanding. Men who
‫ه‬
theَّ‫ا‬earth,
‫ذ‬ ‫ع‬
‫ه‬ َ‫نا‬
and‫ه‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ف‬
the alternation of
celebrate the praises of Allah, standing, sitting, and lying down on their
sides, and contemplate the (wonders of) creation in the heavens and the
earth, (With the thought): "Our Lord! not for naught Hast Thou created (all)
this! Glory to Thee! Give us salvation from the penalty of the Fire.
 D. The Way of Purification of the
Soul (‫)تااازكية اَّاالنفس‬
• ‫ثا إفي امل لكمكييسن سرلسوقل كممنلهمم سيمتللو سعلسميإهمم آسياإتإه سوليسزككيإهمم‬
‫لهسو اللإذأيِ سبسع س‬
(62:2) ‫ضسلنل ممإبينن‬ ‫ب سواملإحمكسمسة سوإإن سكالنوا إمن سقمبلل لسإفي س‬ ‫سوليسعلكلملهلم املإكستا س‬
• “It is He Who has sent amongst the Unlettered an
apostle from among themselves, to rehearse to them
His Signs, to sanctify them, and to instruct them in
Scripture and Wisdom,- although they had been,
before, in manifest error.” (Al-Jumuah:2)
Right Intention and Determination.
• Right intention means to do every action for
the sake of Allah SWT and His Prophet
Muhammad (SAW).
• Determination (‫ )عزم‬means using our will
power to overcome the whisperings of
shaytan (‫ )وسواس‬and desires ‫ى‬
( ‫)هو‬.
َ‫ظونههج تمفن‬ ‫ت رمنَ بهفيتنَ يههدفيته هوتمفنَ هخفلفتته يهفحفه ج‬ ‫لههج جمهعقرهباَ ت‬
َ‫اه له يجهغيرجر هماَ بتقهفوسم هحوتىَ يجهغيرجروفاَّ هما‬ ‫ات إتون ا‬ ‫أهفمتر ا‬
َ‫اج بتقهفوسم جسوهءاَّ فهله همهرود لههج هوهما‬ ‫بتأ هفنفجتستهفم هوإتهذاَّ أههراَّهد ا‬
‫ل‬
‫س‬ َّ‫ا‬‫و‬‫ه‬ َ‫من‬
‫ت‬ ‫ه‬
‫ت‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ج‬
‫دو‬ َ‫من‬‫ر‬ ‫هم‬‫ج‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ل‬
For each (such person) there are (angels) in succession, before and
behind him: They guard him by command of Allah. Verily never will
Allah change the condition of a people until they change it
themselves (with their own souls). But when (once) Allah willeth a
people's punishment, there can be no turning it back, nor will they
find, besides Him, any to protect. (al-Ra’d, 13:11)
َ‫يِ لهئتفنَ أهوخفرتهتنَ إتهلى‬
‫ت هعله و‬ ‫ك ههاهذاَّ اَّلوتذي هكورفم ه‬ ‫هقاَهل أههرأهفيته ه‬
‫يهفوتم اَّفلقتهياَهمتة لهفحتهنتهكونَ جذرريوتههج إهلو قهتليله‬
He said: "Seest Thou? this is the one whom Thou
hast honoured above me! If Thou wilt but respite
me to the Day of Judgment, I will surely bring his
descendants under my sway - all but a few!" (al-
Isra’, 17:62)
 ‫اج هعهلىَ تعفلسم‬ ‫ت همتنَ اَّتوهخهذ إتلههههج هههواَّهج هوأه ه‬
‫ضلوهج و‬ ‫أهفههرأهفي ه‬
‫صترته تغهشاَهوةه‬ ‫هوهختههم هعهلىَ هسفمتعته هوقهفلبتته هوهجهعهل هعهلىَ به ه‬
‫ات أهفههل تههذوكجروهن‬‫فههمنَ يهفهتديته تمنَ بهفعتد و‬
Then seest thou such a one as takes as his god his
own vain desire? Allah has, knowing (him as
such), left him astray, and sealed his hearing and
his heart (and understanding), and put a cover on
his sight. Who, then, will guide him after Allah
(has withdrawn Guidance)? Will ye not then
receive admonition? (al-Jathiya, 45:23)
 Continuous Learning and
Reminding
• Continuous learning of the first kind of
knowledge.
• Always be on guard and vigilant (‫)مراقبة‬.
• Remembering death as a reminder of one’s
feeble existence.
 ‫ت اَّلوتذي تهفتبَروهن تمفنهج فهإتنوهج جمهلتقيجكفم ثجوم‬ ‫قجفل إتون اَّفلهمفو ه‬
‫تجهربَدوهن إتهلىَ هعاَلتتم اَّفلهغفي ت‬
‫ب هواَّلوشههاَهدتة فهيجنهبرئججكم بتهماَ جكنتجفم‬
(62:8) ‫تهفعهمجلوهن‬
"The Death from which ye flee will truly overtake
you: then will ye be sent back to the Knower of
things secret and open: and He will tell you (the
truth of) the things that ye did!" (al-Jumuah:8)
• Ibn Omar said: I along with ten other
Companions was near the Messenger of God
(PBUH). Then an Ansari asked him: O Prophet
of God who is the wisest and honoured of
men? He said: Those who remember death
most and prepare most for it. They pass away
with honour in this world and the next.
• Caliph Harun Ar-Rashid has a servant, by the name of
Bahlul (‫)باااهلول‬, who is a bit fool and unwise. One day,
the Caliph gave Bahlul a stick, and said to him that if
he found anybody who is more stupid than him, he
should give that person this stick himself.
• One day the Caliph prepare a large entourage of a
large group of palace servants and armies, with all
the necessary supplies and enough animals to carry
them to travel to a distant land.
• He said to Bahlul: “See Bahlul I have made an
extensive preparation for this journey, but there is
another journey that all human beings will go.”
Bahlul asked, “What is that?” The Caliph said, “The
journey to the next life.” Bahlul asked again, “What is
that?” The Caliph said, “The eternal life after our
temporary life in this world.” Bahlul asked, “Would
you made the same preparation for that journey?”
The Caliph said, “No, in that journey, I’m going
alone!”
• Then Bahlul said, “In that case, I have found the person to
whom I should give the stick that you have given to me. You
made a large preparation to that distant land, but you are not
going to make the same preparation to a place where you will
dwell in forever.” Hearing this, the Caliph Harun ar-Rashid
was dumbfounded. Although he understood that Bahlul does
not understand what kind of preparation that should be
prepared for the eternal life, but what Bahlul said struck his
heart and he understood the truth in it.
 Association with the Pious and
Religious People.
• The need for a teacher is a must, since seeking
for any kind of knowledge requires a teacher,
and so does in the way of purifying one’s soul.
• Being with the good and pious people can
influence one’s character.
 ‫اه هوجكوجنوفاَّ همهع اَّل و‬
َ‫صاَتدتقيهن‬ ‫هياَ أهبَيههاَ اَّلوتذيهنَ آهمجنوفاَّ اَّتوجقوفاَّ ا‬

O ye who believe! Fear Allah and be

with those who are true (in word and
deed) (al-Tawbah:119).
 ‫صلهتة إتون‬ ‫صفبتر هواَّل و‬ ‫هياَ أهبَيههاَ اَّلوتذيهنَ آهمجنوفاَّ اَّفستهتعيجنوفاَّ تباَل و‬
َ‫صاَبتتريهنَ؛‬ ‫اه همهع اَّل و‬ ‫ا‬
‫ت بهفل أهفحهياَء‬
‫ات أهفمهواَّ ت‬ ‫هوله تهجقوجلوفاَّ لتهمفنَ يجفقتهجل تفيِ هسبيتل ا‬
‫ن‬
‫ه‬ ‫رو‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬
‫ج‬ ‫هولهتكنَ لو ته ف‬
‫ش‬
O ye who believe! seek help with patient
perseverance and prayer; for Allah is with those
who patiently persevere. And say not of those
who are slain in the way of Allah. "They are dead."
Nay, they are living, though ye perceive (it) not.
(2:153-154)
• Abu Hurayrah (‫اااا عنه‬ ‫ )رضي ا‬reported that the Messenger of Allah (‫اااا‬
‫صااالى ا‬
‫ )عليه و سااالم‬said, “Truly Allah—may He be exalted—has said: ‘Whosoever
acts with enmity towards a friend of Mine, against him will I indeed
declare war. Nothing endears My servant to Me than doing of what I have
made obligatory upon him to do. And My servant ceases not seeking My
nearness by offering supererogatory (‫ )نااوافل‬prayers till I love him. When I
love him, I shall be his hearing with which he shall hear, his sight with
which he shall see, his hands with which he shall hold, and his feet with
which he shall walk; and if he asks Me, I shall surely give him, and if he
takes refuge in Me, I shall certainly give him refuge’.”
 Practices
• Sincere Repentance (‫)تاااوبة نااصوحة‬
• (24:31) ‫ا سجإميقعا أسميسها امللم مؤإملنوسن لسسعلللكمم لتمفلإلحوسن‬
‫سولتولبوا إإسلى ل إ‬
And O ye Believers! turn ye all together towards
Allah, that ye may attain Bliss.
• On the authority of Anas b. Malik, the Messenger of
God (SAW) is reported to have said, “There is nothing
more loved by God than the youth who repents.”
 ‫ف هوأهتخيته هوله‬‫يِ اَّفذههجبوفاَّ فهتههحوسجسوفاَّ تمنَ جيوجس ه‬‫هياَ بهنت و‬
‫ح ا‬
‫ات إتلو‬ ‫و‬
‫ف‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ َ‫من‬
‫ت‬ ‫س‬‫ج‬ ‫ه‬ ‫أ‬‫ي‬‫ف‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ه‬‫و‬ ‫ن‬‫ت‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫ح‬ ‫و‬
‫ف‬ ‫و‬
‫ر‬ َ‫من‬
‫ت‬ ‫ف‬
َّ‫ا‬ ‫سو‬
‫ج‬ ‫ه‬ ‫تهفيأ‬
‫ت‬ ‫ت‬
‫اَّفلقهفوجم اَّفلهكاَفتجروهن‬
"O my sons! go ye and enquire about Joseph and
his brother, and never give up hope of Allah's
Soothing Mercy: truly no one despairs of Allah's
Soothing Mercy, except those who have no faith."
(Yusuf:87)
‫صوهحاَ هعهسىَ هربَبجكفم هأن‬ ‫ات تهفوبهةه نو ج‬ ‫هياَ أهبَيههاَ اَّلوتذيهنَ آهمنجواَّ جتوبجواَّ إتهلىَ و‬
‫ت تهفجتري تمنَ تهفحتتههاَ اَّفلهفنههاَجر‬ ‫يجهكفرهر هعنجكفم هسيرهئاَتتجكفم هويجفدتخلهجكفم هجوناَ س‬
َ‫يِ هواَّلوتذيهنَ آهمنجواَّ همهعهج جنوجرهجفم يهفسهعىَ بهفيهن‬ ‫يهفوهم هل يجفختزي و‬
‫اج اَّلنوبت و‬
‫ك‬‫أهفيتديتهفم هوبتأ هفيهماَنتتهفم يهجقوجلوهن هربوهناَ أهفتتمفم لههناَ جنوهرهناَ هواَّفغفتفر لههناَ إتنو ه‬
(66:8) ‫هعهلىَ جكرل هشفيِسء قهتديتر‬
O ye who believe! Turn to Allah with sincere repentance: In the hope that
your Lord will remove from you your ills and admit you to Gardens beneath
which Rivers flow,- the Day that Allah will not permit to be humiliated the
Prophet and those who believe with him. Their Light will run forward
before them and by their right hands, while they say, "Our Lord! Perfect our
Light for us, and grant us Forgiveness: for Thou hast power over all things."
(At-Tahrem:8)
• Abu Huraira reported from Allah’s Messenger (PBUH) that his Lord, the
Exalted and Glorious, thus said: A servant committed a sin and he said: “O
Allah, forgive me my sin,” and Allah said: “My servant committed a sin and
then he came to realise that he has a Lord Who forgives the sins and takes
to account (the sinner) for the sin. So I forgive My servant.” He then again
committed a sin and said: “O Allah, forgive me my sin,” and Allah said: “My
servant committed a sin and then he came to realise that he has a Lord
Who would forgive his sin and would take to account for the sin. So I
forgive My servant.” He then again committed a sin and said: “O Allah,
forgive me my sin,” and Allah said: “My servant committed a sin and then
he came to realise that he has a Lord Who forgives his sin and takes to
account for the sin. So I forgive My servant.” (Bukhari and Muslim)
• Consistent (‫)استقامة‬
• ‫ال لثلم امسستسقالموا ستستسنلزلل سعلسميإهلم املسمسلإئسكلة أسلل ستسخاالفوا سوسل‬
‫إإلن اللإذأيسن سقاللوا سرمبسنا ل‬
(41:30) ‫ستمحسزلنوا سوأسمبإشلروا إباملسجلنإة اللإتي لكنلتمم لتوسعلدوسن‬
In the case of those who say, "Our Lord is Allah, and,
further, stand straight and steadfast, the angels
descend on them (from time to time): "Fear ye not!"
(they suggest), "Nor grieve! but receive the Glad
Tidings of the Garden (of Bliss), the which ye were
promised! (Fussilat:30)
 ‫اه هعلهفيته‬ ‫تمهنَ اَّفلجمفؤتمتنيهنَ ترهجاَتل ه‬
‫صهدقجواَّ هماَ هعاَههجدواَّ و‬
َّ‫ضىَ نهفحبههج هوتمفنجهم ومنَ هينتهتظجر هوهماَ بهودلجوا‬
‫فهتمفنجهم ومنَ قه ه‬
‫تهفبتديهل‬
Among the Believers are men who have been true
to their covenant with Allah. of them some have
completed their vow (to the extreme), and some
(still) wait: but they have never changed (their
determination) in the least: (al-Ahzab, 33:23)
• ‫ت لسلنسككفسرلن سعمنلهمم سسكيسئاإتإهمم سولسسنمجإزسيلنلهمم‬ ‫سواللإذأيسن آسملنوا سوسعإمللوا ال ل‬
‫صالإسحا إ‬
(29:7) ‫أسمحسسسن اللإذأيِ سكالنوا سيمعسمللوسن‬
• Those who believe and work righteous deeds,- from
them shall We blot out all evil (that may be) in them,
and We shall reward them according to the best of
their deeds. (al-Ankabut:7)
• The Prophet SAW said, “Whoever helps a brother in
difficulty, God will help him through his difficulties on
the Day of Judgement.”
 Sources:
• Bakar, Osman, Classification of Knowledge in Islam,
Kuala Lumpur: ISTAC, IIUM, 2006.
• Imam Al-Ghazzali, Ihya Ulum-Din, trans. Fazlul Karim,
New Delhi: Islamic Book Service, 1991.
• Kabbani, Shaykh Muhammad Hisham, Self-
Purification and the State of Excellence, Mountain
View: As-Sunna Foundation of America, 1998.