Cement

Production, Composition
&
Types

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Terminology

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Raw Materials in Cement

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Production of Cement

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Production of Cement

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Compounds in Cement

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Compound Proportions

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Cement Types

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Cement Types & Compositions

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Composition of Concrete

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Strength Concrete

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Weight of Concrete

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Behavior

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Strength Development

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Water to Cement Ratio
(W/C Ratio)

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Paste- Aggregate Bond

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Curing

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 Hydration

Hydration is the general term

used to describe the chemical
reaction that takes place
between cement powder and
water.

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Hydration Process

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Hydration of Cement

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Hydration Process

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Hydration of C3S

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Crystal formation of Cement

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Fresh to Hardened State

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Phases

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Paste Phase

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Paste Phase

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Aggregate Phase

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Admixtures

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Placing Fresh Concrete

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Strength Development of Time

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Compression Testing Core
Sample

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 Sulfate Attack
Monosuloaluminate + Water + Sulfate = Ettringite

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Examples of Sulfate Attack

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Advantages of Concrete

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Disadvantages of Concrete

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 Air in Concrete
Entrapped & Entrained

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Sources of Air

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Entrapped Air

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Entrained Air

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Entrained Air

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Purpose for Entrained Air

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Entrained Air Examples

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Air-Entrained Admixtures

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Air Void System

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Air Void System

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Air Void System

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Air Void System

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Freeze/Thaw

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Influences of Air on Content

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Affect on Properties

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Aggregates

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Various Different Aggregates

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Background

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Background

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Common Aggregates

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Important Characteristics of
Aggregates

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Important Characteristics of
Aggregates

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Shape and Texture of
Aggregates

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Shape and Texture

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Chemical Soundness

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Aggregate Failure

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Alkali-Aggregate Reaction

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Sieves for Sieve Analysis

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Gradation

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Uniform Gradation

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Continuous Gradation

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Paste Requirements

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Gap Gradation

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Reinforced and Prestressed
Concrete

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Flexure

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Flexural Stress Distribution

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Initial Cracking

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Failure

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Reinforced Beam

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Flexural Stress Distribution

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Initial Cracking

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Higher Load Level

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Ultimate Load

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Steel Reinforcement

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Preparing Re-bar

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Re-bar Ready for Pouring

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Steel- Concrete Bond

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Mechanical Bond

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Reinforced Concrete

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Prestressed

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Pre-stressing Re-bar

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Re-bar Setup for Pre-stressing

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Pre-Stressed Bridge Sections

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Pre-Stressed Beam

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Prestressed Concrete

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