Questions n Answers

on Unit 1

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
3. Magnesium reacts with nitric acid to form magnesium nitrate
and hydrogen gas. In this reaction, 0.42g of magnesium powder
and 34.5ml of 0.55 M nitric acid are reacted together.

a) Write a balanced equation and include the state symbols.

b) Write a balanced ionic equation.
c) Identify the type of reaction that is taking place.
d) Write out the reduction and oxidation half equations.
e) Identify the reducing and oxidizing agents.
f) Calculate the number of moles of each reactant used.
g) Calculate the volume of hydrogen produced at r.t.p.
h) If 1.7x10–2 g of hydrogen is actually produced, what is the
percentage yield of hydrogen?

12
a) Write a balanced equation and include the state symbols.
Mg(s) + 2HNO3(aq)  Mg(NO3)2(aq) + H2(g)

b) Write a balanced ionic equation.

Mg(s) + 2H+(aq)  Mg2+(aq) + H2(g)
c) Identify the type of reaction that is taking place.
Redox or Displacement
d) Write out the reduction and oxidation half equations.
Reduction: 2H+(aq) + 2e  H2(g)
Oxidation: Mg(s)  Mg2+(aq) + 2e
e) Identify the reducing and oxidizing agents.
Reducing Agent: Mg(s)
Oxidizing Agent: H+(aq)
f) Calculate the number of moles of each reactant used.
No. of moles of Mg = 0.42  0.0173
24.3
No. of moles of HNO3 = 0.55 x 34.5  0.0189
1000
g) Calculate the volume of hydrogen produced at r.t.p.
From the equation:
1 mole of Mg produced 1 mole of H2(g)
0.0173 mole of H2(g) was produced
2 moles of HNO3 produced 1 mole of H2(g)
0.00945 mole of H2(g) was produced
This means that HNO3 is the limiting reagent
So, volume of hydrogen produced = 0.00945 x 24  0.2268 dm3
h) If 1.7x10–2 g of hydrogen is actually produced, what is the percentage
yield of hydrogen? No. of moles of H produced = 1.7x10–2  0.0085
2
2
% yield = 0.0085 x 100  89.95%
0.00945
4. Consider the following reaction:

a) Identify the type of reaction that has taken place.

b) Write out a balanced ionic equation.
c) If a solution containing 3.50g of Na3PO4 is mixed with a
solution containing 6.40g of Ba(NO3)2 , calculate the
amount of Ba3(PO4)2 that can be formed.
Answer:
a)Precipitation
b)2PO4 3– (aq) + 3Ba 2+ (aq)  Ba3(PO4)2 (s)
c) No. of moles Na3PO4 = 3.5 / 164
= 0.0213
(excess)
No. of moles Ba(NO3)2 = 6.4 / 261.3
= 0.0245
(limiting)

Mass of precipitate formed = 0.00817 x 601.9

= 4.92g
15
5. When 1000g of sulphur dioxide is reacted with excess of
oxygen, 1225g of sulphur trioxide is produced.
a) Write a balanced equation for this reaction.
b) Calculate the percentage yield.

No. of moles SO2 = 1000 / 64

= 15.6

Theoretical mass of SO3 = 15.6 x 80

= 1250g
% yield = (1225 / 1250) x 100
= 98%

16
6. Copper(II) sulphate solution is prepared when 7.95g of
copper(II) oxide is mixed with 7.35g of sulphuric acid.
a) Write a balanced equation for this reaction.
b) Determine which is the limiting reagent.
c) On evaporation of the solution, 16.3g of crystals of
hydrated copper(II) sulphate, CuSO4.5H2O, are formed.
Calculate the percentage yield.

The limiting reagent is H2SO4

moles of CuSO4 = moles of H2SO4

= 7.35 / 98
= 0.075

1 mole CuSO4 = 1 mole CuSO4 . 5H2O

0.075 mole = 0.075 mole

Theoretical mass = 0.075 x 249.5

= 18.71g
7. This question is about the manufacture of bromine from
bromide ions in seawater.
In step 1, chlorine gas is bubbled into acidified seawater.
This converts the bromide ions to bromine.
a) Balance the equation shown below
oxidation no.: 0 –1 +1
(1) H2O(l) + (1) Br2(aq) Û..2.. H+ (aq) + (1)Br– (aq) + (1)BrO– (aq)
b) Explain, using oxidation numbers, why this reaction is
known as disproportionation reaction.
oxidation no. of bromine has increased from 0 to +1 and also
decreased from 0 to -1; disproportionation means the same
species has been oxidized and reduced simultaneously
c) Write ionic equation, including state symbols, for the
reaction of chlorine gas with bromide ions.

Cl2(g) + 2Br – (aq)  2Cl – (aq) + Br2(aq)