DRAFTING

STRUCTURAL
FRAMING
PLAN
 CONCRETE
AND ITS
REINFORCEMENT
COMPRESSION TEST
• determines behavior of
materials
under
crushing
loads.
CONCRETE SLUMP TEST
• measures the workability of
fresh concrete and its
consistency
in that specific
batch.
 LALLY COLUMN
• steel column used to
support girders and beams.
 PIER
• block of concrete
supporting the floor of a
building.
 PILASTER
• decorative column attached
to a wall.
 PILES
• long posts driven into the
swampy soil upon which the
foundation footing is laid.
 PILLAR
• column used for supporting
parts of a structure.
 SLAB
• foundation reinforced
concrete and foundation
floor.
 PLAIN CONCRETE
• result of mixing
cement, aggregates
(fine and
coarse),
and water.
 CEMENT
• bonding agent that
reacts with water to form
a stone-hard substance.
 WORKABILITY
• ability of concrete to flow
freely and fill all voids.
• sometimes described as
consistency, plasticity, and
mobility.
•CONSISTENCY is the
degree of wetness
•PLASTICITY is the ease
with which fresh concrete
is molded
•MOBILITY is the flow or
movement of the mixture.
CONCRETE PROPORTION
Class of Cement Sand Gravel
Mixture 40kg. Cu.Ft. Cu.Ft.
AA 1 1½ 3
A 1 2 4
B 1 2½ 5
C 1 3 6
 WAYS OF MIXING
CONCRETE
1. ON THE JOB SITE
hand mixing
2. READY MIXED CONCRETE
by mobile or stationary
mixers
ON THE JOB

READY MIXED
Concrete hardens or settles at
about TWO to THREE HOURS
after the concrete has been
mixed. The building code
provides that concrete shall be
maintained for THREE DAYS
after placing for high early
strength concrete.
 REINFORCED
CONCRETE
•concrete with
reinforcement bars
embedded
COLUMNS, BEAMS
and FOOTINGS are
the most common
examples of a
reinforced concrete.
KINDS OF REINFORCED
CONCRETE COLUMNS
1.Short Column
2.Long Column
 CLASSIFICATION OF
COLUMN ACCORDING TO
REINFROCEMENT
1. Tied
2. Spiral
3. Composite
4. Combined
5. Lally
• The FLOOR SYSTEM
refers to the beams and
the floor slab.

• LOADS are transmitted

from floor slab, to
beams then to columns.
 CLASSIFICATION
OF BEAMS
• Simple
• Continuous
• Semi-
continuous
 CLASSIFICATION OF
REINFORCED CONCRETE SLAB
1.One-way
Solid Slab

2.Two-way
Solid Slab
3. Ribbed Floor

4. Flat Slab or
Girder Less
Floor
CONCRETE FLOOR SLABS
are common as flooring
and are usually reinforced
with deformed reinforcing
bars. Most require the slab
to be at least 6” to 8”(0.15m
to 0.20m) thick above the
ground floor.
 ADVANTAGES OF FLOOR
SYSTEM DEPEND ON THESE
CONSIDERATIONS:
1.Spacing of column.
2.The loads to be supported.
3.The length of the span.
4.Cost of construction.
 REINFORCED
CONCRETE STAIRWAYS
• Inclined slab.
• Built after the completion
of the main structural
framework.
STANDARD DIMENSIONS
PROVIDED BY THE NBCP

1. The minimum width of

any stair slab and the
minimum dimensions of
any landing shall be
1.10m.
2. The maximum rise of the
step as about 0.18m and
the tread exclusive of the
nosing is 0.25m.
3. The minimum height of
straight flight between
landing is 3.60m.
• The most common
reinforcement for most
construction is the
STEEL BAR.
• It is called steel
reinforcing bars or
REBARS.
 SIZES OF BARS
• The most common sizes
of rebars for residential
units are 8mm and
10mm for stirrups and
12mm and 16mm for
vertical members.
 BAR ENGLISH METRIC
Designation Size (Diameter) Size (Diameter)

No. 2 ¼” 8mm
3 3/8” 10
4 ½” 12
5 5/8” 16
6 ¾” 20
8 1” 25
10 1 ¼” 32
12 1 ½” 40
 KINDS OF WALLS
1. Load Bearing Wall
support or carry loads as
in exterior walls.
2. Non-Load Bearing Wall
does not carry or support
a load as in partitions or
interior walls.
WOOD
 XYLEM
• Also known as wood,
timber or lumber.
PLYWOOD is classified
as soft, hardwood and
marine.
PROPERTIES OF WOOD
AS BUILDING MATERIAL
1. Strong material
2. Durable
3. Light in weight
4. Ease of working and
fastening
5. With artistic and natural
beauty
 BOARD FOOT
• unit of measure for
measuring wood
• one-foot length, one-foot
wide of board and one inch
thick.
• FBM (for "foot, board
measure").
 FORMULA
Bdft. = T X W X L
12
Where:
T- Thickness in inches
W- Width in inches
L- Length in feet
Compute for the board feet
of the following wood.
1. Find the total number of
Bdft. for 10 pcs. 2” x 4” x 12’
to be used for rafters.
2. Find the number of Bdft. for
24 pcs. purlins with
dimensions of 2” x 3” x 12’.
WOODEN
FLOOR
SYSTEM
 FRAMING
• wood skeleton of a building
constructed one level on
top of another.
 FLOOR JOIST
• structural members that
holds the floor board.
 GIRDER
• beam which supports
the floor joist
 JOIST BRIDGING
• holds the
joists in line
and helps
distribute the
load carried by
the floor.
 HEADER
• supports the cut-off
joist at a stairwell
hole
 TRIMMER
• carries an end
portion of a header in
a stairwell
 FLOORING
• refers to the tongue and
groove wood common as
flooring materials.
 LEDGER STRIP
a piece attached to the
face of a beam at the
bottom as a support for
the ends
of joists.
WOODEN
STAIR
 STAIRWAY TYPES
• Straight Vein
• L shaped
• U shaped
• Circular or
Spiral
PARTS OF A STAIR
1. TREAD-horizontal part
of a step including the
nosing.
2. BALUSTER- small post
supporting the
handrail.
3. HANDRAIL- rail
parallel with the
inclination of the
stair that hold the
balusters.
4. FLIGHT- series of steps
from one landing to another.
5. LANDING- platform

FLIGHT
2
6. WINDERS– steps not
parallel with each
other.
7. STAIRWELL
vertical shaft
containing
the staircase.
8. PITCH-angle inclination
of the horizontal
part of stair.
9. RISER-vertical
face of a stair step
10. RISE– height of the stair
flight or height of the
successive treads.
11. RUN– horizontal distance
from the first
to the last
riser of the
stair flight.
12. STRINGER
carriage of
the stair.

13. BASE- supports

the stringer.
TYPES OF STRINGERS
1. CUT- used in modern
building design.
2. BUILT UP– with
blocks cut from
outside stringers.
3. CLEATED– used for very
rough
work.

4. RABBETED– adopted
for fine
work.