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DISASTER

LEARNING COMPETENCIES
• Explain the meaning of
disaster;
• Differentiate the risk
factors underlying
disasters
SCOPE
DEFINITION OF TERMS
• HAZARD
• EXPOSURE
• VULNERABILITY
• CAPACITY
• RISK
• DISASTER
EFFECTS OF DISASTERS
• EARTHQUAKE
• TROPICAL CYCLONE
• TRASHSLIDE
PHILIPPINES RISK PROFILE
DEFINITION OF TERMS
HAZARD

• Is a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human


activity or condition that may cause loss of life,
injury or other health impacts, property damage,
loss of livelihood & services, social & economic
disruption or environmental damage...
• Could be a potentially damaging phenomenon
• It could be natural or human-induced.
VULNERABILITY

• Is the characteristics and circumstances of a


community, system or asset that make it susceptible
to the damaging effects of a hazard.
• This may arise from various physical, social,
economic & environmental factors.
CAPACITY

• • Is the combination of all strengths and resources


available within thecommunity, society or
organization that can reduce the level of risk or
effects of a disaster.
CAPACITY
RISK

• • Is the combination of Probability of an event to


happen and its negative consequences...

R = HAZARD x VULNERABILITY (exposure)


CAPACITY
DISASTER
• A disaster is a natural or man-made (or technological) hazard
resulting in an event of substantial extent causing significant
physical damage or destruction, loss of life, or drastic change to the
environment. A disaster can be ostensively defined as any tragic
event stemming from events such as earthquakes, floods,
catastrophic accidents, fires, or explosions. It is a phenomenon that
can cause damage to life and property and destroy the economic,
social and cultural life of people.
DISASTER

• In contemporary academia, disasters are seen as the


consequence of inappropriately managed risk. These
risks are the product of a combination of both
hazard/s and vulnerability. Hazards that strike in
areas with low vulnerability will never become
disasters, as is the case in uninhabited regions.
Introduction

• Disasters are as old as Mankind.


• The first description of Disaster and its management
comes from mythological “Noah” and his ark.
• Similar Flood tales are widespread in- Greek
Mythology, Puranas, Mesopotamian stories, and many
cultures.
CLASSIFICATIONS
• Natural Disaster
A natural disaster is a consequence when a natural hazard affects
humans and/or the built environment. Human vulnerability, and lack
of appropriate emergency management, leads to financial,
environmental, or human impact. The resulting loss depends on the
capacity of the population to support or resist the disaster: their
resilience. This understanding is concentrated in the formulation:
"disasters occur when hazards meet vulnerability". A natural hazard
will hence never result in a natural disaster in areas without
vulnerability.
• Man-made or Human Induced Disaster
Man-made disasters are the consequence of technological or
human hazards. Examples include stampedes, fires, transport
accidents, industrial accidents, oil spills and nuclear
explosions/radiation. War and deliberate attacks may also be put in
this category. As with natural hazards, man-made hazards are
events that have not happened, for instance terrorism. Man-made
disasters are examples of specific cases where man-made hazards
have become reality in an event
WHEN IS AN EVENT A
DISASTER?
WHEN IS AN EVENT A DISASTER?
1. At least 20% of the population are affected & in need of
emergency assistance or those dwelling units have been
destroyed.
2. A great number or at least 40% of the means of livelihood such
as bancas, fishing boats, vehicles and the like are destroyed.
3. Major roads and bridges are destroyed and impassable for at
least a week, thus disrupting the flow of transport and commerce.
4. Widespread destruction of fishponds, crops, poultry and
livestock, and other agricultural products, and
5. Epidemics
WHY ARE DISASTER IMPACTS
INCREASING?
1. Increased in population
2. Climate change
3. Increased vulnerability due to:
• Demographic changes
• Increased concentration of assets
• Environmental degradation
• Poverty
• Rapid urbanization and unplanned development
EFFECTS OF DISASTERS
EARTHQUAKE

• July 16 1990
• Ms=7.8
• DEAD – 1,666
• INJURED – 3,500
TYPHOON
TRASH SLIDE
RISK PROFILE
The country is considered one of the most disaster-prone. It
ranks 12th
among 200 countries most at-risk for tropical cyclones, floods,
earthquakes, and landslides in the 2009 Mortality Risk Index of
the UN
International Strategy for Disaster Reduction

• Located along the typhoon belt in the Pacific making it


vulnerable to typhoons and tsunami.
• Average of 20 typhoons yearly (7 are destructive).
The Philippines, given its location on the earth is prone to various types
of Natural Disasters.
• Located along the
Pacific Ring of Fire,
between two Tectonic
plates (Eurasian and
Pacific) which are
volcanic and
earthquake
generators.

• 22 active volcanoes (5
most active).
Fact:
The Philippine Archipelago
has a complex tectonic
setting with several trenches
and many active faults
The Philippine Archipelago occupies the western ring of
the Pacific Ocean (Western Segment of the Pacific Ring of
Fire), a most active part
of the earth that is characterized by an ocean-encircling
belt of active volcanoes
and earthquake generators (faults).
ACTIVE, INACTIVE AND
POTENTIALLY ACTIVE
VOLCANOES OF THE
PHILIPPINES
300 volcanoes
22 active

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