Old Dominion University

Chapter 09
Deflections of Beams

Engr. Muhammad Fahim

mfahi001@odu.edu
hmf_engr@yahoo.com
1
 9.2 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS OF THE DEFLECTED CURVE

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 9.2 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS OF THE DEFLECTED CURVE

• For our choice of axes (x positive to the right and y positive upward),
the angle of rotation is positive when counterclockwise.

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 9.2 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS OF THE DEFLECTED CURVE
Beams with Small Angles of Rotation

This equation is valid for a beam of any material, provided the rotations are small
quantities

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 9.2 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS OF THE DEFLECTED CURVE
Beams with Small Angles of Rotation
• If the material of a beam is linearly elastic and follows Hooke’s law, the
curvature is:

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 9.2 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS OF THE DEFLECTED CURVE
Beams with Small Angles of Rotation

• As a reminder, the sign conventions to be used with the preceding equations

are repeated here:
1. The x and y axes are positive to the right and upward respectively.
2. The deflection v is positive upward.
3. The slope dv/dx and angle of rotation θ are positive when counterclockwise
with respect to the positive x axis.
4. The curvature k is positive when the beam is bent concave upward.
5. The bending moment M is positive when it produces compression in the
upper part of the beam.

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 9.2 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS OF THE DEFLECTED CURVE
Exact Expression for Curvature

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9.3 DEFLECTION BY INTEGRATION OF BENDING-MOMENT EQ.

Boundary conditions pertain to the deflections and slopes at

the supports of a beam.

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9.3 DEFLECTION BY INTEGRATION OF BENDING-MOMENT EQ.

Continuity conditions occur at points where the regions of

integration meet, such as at point C in the beam.

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9.3 DEFLECTION BY INTEGRATION OF BENDING-MOMENT EQ.

Symmetry conditions may also be available. For instance, if a

simple beam supports a uniform load throughout its length, we
know in advance that the slope of the deflection curve at the
midpoint must be zero.

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9.3 DEFLECTION BY INTEGRATION OF BENDING-MOMENT EQ.
EXAMPLE 9.1

EXAMPLE 9.2

EXAMPLE 9.3

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 9.4 DEFLECTION BY INTEGRATION OF SHEAR-FORCE AND
LOAD EQUATIONS

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 9.4 DEFLECTION BY INTEGRATION OF SHEAR-FORCE AND
LOAD EQUATIONS
EXAMPLE 9.4

EXAMPLE 9.5

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 9.5 METHOD OF SUPERPOSTION

Justification: The differential equations of beam are linear differential

equations, because all terms containing the deflection v and its derivatives
are raised to the first power. Therefore, the solutions of these equations for
several loading conditions may be added algebraically, or superposed.

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 9.5 METHOD OF SUPERPOSTION
Example

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 9.5 METHOD OF SUPERPOSTION

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 9.5 METHOD OF SUPERPOSTION

For beam deflections, the principle of superposition is valid

under the following conditions:
(1) Hooke’s law holds for the material
(2) The deflections and rotations are small
(3) The presence of the deflections does not alter the actions of
the applied loads.

These requirements ensure that the differential equations of the

deflection curve are linear.

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 9.5 METHOD OF SUPERPOSTION

EXAMPLE 9.6

EXAMPLE 9.7

EXAMPLE 9.8

EXAMPLE 9.9

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 9.6 MOMENT-AREA METHOD
First Moment-Area Theorem

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 9.6 MOMENT-AREA METHOD
First Moment-Area Theorem

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 9.6 MOMENT-AREA METHOD
Second Moment-Area Theorem
Since the angles between the tangents and the x axis are actually very small

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 9.6 MOMENT-AREA METHOD
EXAMPLE 9.10

EXAMPLE 9.11

EXAMPLE 9.12

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 9.7 NON PRISMATIC BEAMS

EXAMPLE 9.13

EXAMPLE 9.14

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 9.8 STRAIN ENERGY OF BENDING

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 9.8 STRAIN ENERGY OF BENDING

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 9.8 STRAIN ENERGY OF BENDING
Non Uniform Bending

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 9.8 STRAIN ENERGY OF BENDING
Deflections Caused by a Single Load

This method for finding deflections and angles of rotation is extremely limited in
its application because only one deflection (or one angle) can be found.

Furthermore, the only deflection (or angle) that can be found is the one
corresponding to the load (or couple).

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 9.8 STRAIN ENERGY OF BENDING
Example 9.15

Example 9.16

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 9.9 CASTIGLIANO’S THEOREM

The derivative of the strain energy with

respect to the load is equal to the
deflection corresponding to the load.

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 9.9 CASTIGLIANO’S THEOREM
Derivation of Castigliano’s Theorem

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 9.9 CASTIGLIANO’S THEOREM
Derivation of Castigliano’s Theorem

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 9.9 CASTIGLIANO’S THEOREM
Application of Castigliano’s Theorem

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 9.9 CASTIGLIANO’S THEOREM
Use of a Fictitious Load

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 9.9 CASTIGLIANO’S THEOREM
Differentiation Under the Integral Sign

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 9.9 CASTIGLIANO’S THEOREM
Differentiation Under the Integral Sign

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 9.9 CASTIGLIANO’S THEOREM
Example 9.17

Example 9.18

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 9.10 DEFLECTIONS PRODUCED BY IMPACT

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 9.10 DEFLECTIONS PRODUCED BY IMPACT

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 9.11 TEMPERATURE EFFECTS

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 PROBLEMS

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