4.

1 MULTILEVEL SCHEMES

• Goal
• to increase the number of bits per baud

• Mechanism
• by encoding a pattern of m data elements into a pattern of n signal elements
4.2 MULTILEVEL SCHEMES

In mBnL schemes, a pattern of m data elements (B indicates binary data) is encoded as a

pattern of n signal elements (each having L possible levels) in which is 2m ≤ Ln.
 Figure 4.10 Multilevel: 2B1Q scheme
4.3
• Using 2B1Q we can send data 2 times faster than NRZ-L.

• 2B1Q use four different signal level which means receiver have to recognize four different

threshold.

• No redundant signal pattern because 22 = 41

• Application: DSL