Design and Implementation of Grid Interface

Transformer in Wind Energy Conversion

System With Solid State Transformer
CONTENT
S
INTRODUCTION
SOLID STATE TRANSFORMER(SST)
NEED FOR SST IN WIND ENERGY
SYSTEM
SST INTERFACED WIND ENERGY
SYSTEM
CONCLUSION
OBJECTIVE
To Design A wind-solar hybrid system using solid state
transformer (SST) for reactive power compensation to
achieve power quality as per IEC standards using the
presence of MATLAB/SIMULINK Software
ABSTRACT
• The solid- state transformer (SST) has been found to be useful
in integration of different distributed energy sources as well as
wind power in the distribution grid with multiple
functionalities.
• A wind hybrid system using solid state transformer (SST) for
reactive power compensation to achieve power quality as per
IEC standards.
• The proposed hybrid system using SST can effectively suppress
the voltage fluctuation.
• This work proposes a new modelling approach of a Wind
power system.
• This paper proposes a configuration that combines the doubly
fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind turbine and SST
operation in the presence of MATLAB/SIMULINK Software.
INTRODUCTIO
Nelements inpower electronic-based microgrid systems.
 The solid-state transformer (SST) is one of the key

 Wind power is an uncontrollable resource , also makes for a

challenging integration of large WFs into the grid,
particularly in terms of stability and power quality
 Integration of SST with wind energy systems effectively
replacing the conventional transformer and reactive power
compensator , so as to increase the flexibility of wind energy
system.
WIND ENERGY
SYSTEM

Fig.6
NEED FOR SST IN WIND ENERGY
SYSTEM
 Normally SCIG is used in wind energy system
 a capacitor bank is generally placed at the terminal
of the wind generator for the local reactive power
compensation(which is necessary for the operation
of the system)
 The nature of WFs is that their operation is
highly dependent on the active and reactive
powers transferred to the grid
 In any interfacing system there is need for
conventional transformer and reactive
power compensator.
 SST-interfaced WF architectures effectively replacing
the conventional transformer and reactive power
compensator.
 Literature Survey
• The idea of a “solid-state transformer” has been discussed since
1970. The initial purpose of solid-state transformers is to
convert AC to AC for step-up or step-down with a function the
same as that of a conventional transformer.
• In 1970, W. McMurray form G.E. first introduced a high
frequency link AC/AC converter, which became the basis for
the solid state transformer based on direct AC/AC converter
 Literature Survey
• In 1980, Navy researchers proposed a power-electronic
transformer that consisted of an AC/AC buck converter
to reduce the input voltage to a lower one.
• This was followed in 1995 by a similar Electrical Power
Research Institute (EPRI) sponsored effort.
 Literature Survey
• In 1996, Koosuke Harada proposed a new “intelligent transformer”, which significantly
reduce the size of transformers by performing high frequency link.
– Various functions, such as constant voltage and constant power are realized by phase
control.
– A 200V 3kVA unit operating at 15 kHz was implemented based on this concept.

• Disadvantage:
– The overall efficiency was reported to be about 80%.
Literature Survey
EXISTING SYSTEM
• Recently, there has been much interest in developing an
alternative to the traditional fundamental frequency
transformer using solid-state devices.
• As seen in Fig. 1, SST can act as an interface between
the grid and generation sources.
• However, research showing detailed configurations for
integrating existing technologies is limited.
• In existing work is reported on using SST in a microgrid
based on renewable sources.
SST integrated grid
PROPOSED SYSTEM
• In this paper, a new configuration is proposed that
combines the operation of DFIG based WECS and SST.
• This configuration acts as an interface between the wind
turbine and grid while eliminating the GSC of DFIG.
• Moreover, it is essential to have fault ride through (FRT)
incorporated in DFIG system to meet the grid code
requirements.
• In the proposed work, the developed configuration
allows DFIG to ride through faults seamlessly, which is
the aspect (FRT) that has not been addressed in the
earlier work on SST interfaced WECS.
SST INTERFACED WIND ENERGY
SYSTEM

Fig.7
PROPOSED SYSTEM
 The local capacitor bank, two conventional
transformers, and the STATCOM are all
functionally integrated into a single SST
 From the working of SST, it is revealed that reactive
power compensation, active power compensation
and voltage conversion can be done by SST.
Solid state
transformer
The basic idea of the SST is to achieve the voltage
transformation by medium to high frequency
isolation, therefore to potentially reduce the volume
and weight of it compared with the traditional power
transformer.
“ELECTRONIC
TRANSFORMER”(SST)

Fig.
Key
components
 High frequency transformers
 Power electronics converters
*AC to DC converters
*DC to DC converters
*AC to DC inverter
Functional view of Output

SST
Input
Isolated DC-DC converter part
part

AC
INPUT
Actual view of
SST

Fig.
3
 STAGE ONE AC-DC
CONVERSION

DC-DC HF trans.
STAGE TWO
CONVERSION

DC-AC
STAGE THREE CONVERSION

Note; high frequency transformer(HF Fig.4

STAGE
ONE
 In this stage is a three-phase ac/dc rectifier that
regulates a high-voltage dc bus (and ac voltage
when for reactive power compensation) is used.
 It produce low distortion grid current.
 DC voltage regulation.
STAGE
TWO
1) consists of a Dual active bridge(DAB), a
high- frequency transformer.
 DAB converter gives;
1) electrical isolation
2) high reliability
3) ease of realizing
4) soft-switching control
5) complete symmetry of configuration that allows
seamless control for bidirectional power flow.
 Active power flows from the bridge with leading phase
angle to the bridge with lagging phase angle.
 primary bridge leading secondary bridge by a phase
angle of ϕ, the power flows from the primary to the
secondary.
STAGE
THREE
DC-AC converter is used to convert the dc voltage in
desirable voltage.
ADVANTAG
E energy resources and distributed energy
 An excellent utilization of distributed renewable

storage devices.
 Power factor control.
 Fast isolation under fault conditions due to a
controlled SST.
 Control of both AC and DC loads can be done
using the SST
OPERATION OF
SST
 Ac power from wpp is convert in to dc power.
 Hence ac power can be convert in to dc
regulated power, gives pf
improvement, voltage control .
 In Dc-dc isolation, it isolate input and out put side,
power can flow in both direction since DSB is
used.
 High frequency transformer reduce the size of over all
system, provide reactive power compensation,active
power compensation.
 Dc-ac inverter gives both ac,dc output regulation.
SIMULATION
RESULT
RESULT
SIMULATION
RESULTS
CONCLUSIO
Nrenewable energy resources, among which wind
 Energy crisis calls for a large penetration of

energy is a promising one. Voltage and frequency

regulation is vital to meet the grid code.
 SST solve almost problems that make this
system cannot connect to grid .
 REFERENCE
S
 Xu She, Alex Q. Huang, Fei Wang and Rolando Burgos” Wind Energy System With Integrated
Functions of Active Power Transfer, Reactive Power Compensation, and Voltage Conversion”-
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOL. 60, NO. 10, OCTOBER 2013

 Hengsi Qin,and Jonathan W. Kimball,” Solid-State Transformer Architecture Using AC–AC Dual-
Active-Bridge Converter”- IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOL. 60, NO.
9, SEPTEMBER 2013
 Jianjiang Shi, Wei Gou, Hao Yuan, Tiefu Zhao and Alex Q.” Research on Voltage and Power
Balance Control for Cascaded Modular Solid-State Transformer” IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON
POWER ELECTRONICS, VOL. 26, NO. 4, APRIL 2011
 R. Vibin1, K. Malarvizhi2” Power Flow Control Scheme for Wind Energy Conversion System
using FACTS Controller” International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) Vol.2,
Issue.3, May-June 2012 pp-644-648
 Nijaz Dizdarevic* and Matislav Majstrovic” Reactive power compensation of wind energy conversion
system by using Unified Power Flow Controller” Int. J. Energy Technology and Policy, Vol. 3, No. 3,
2005
 Xu She1, Alex Huang and Rolando Burgos2” Review of the Solid State Transformer Technologies and
its Application in Power Distribution System”
 Gary L. Johnson” WIND ENERGY SYSTEMS” Electronic Edition