Structure of an

Atom
ATOM – is the smallest part of an
element
3 Subatomic Particles
a. proton – positively charge (+)

b. neutron – no electrical charge

c. electron – tiny particles that

circling around the nucleus
- negatively charge (-)
Structure of an Atom
proton

electron

neutron nucleus
History:

Ernest Rutherford – British

physicist who discovered
the nucleus of an atom
in 1909
- uses “Gold Foil
Experiment”
Observation
1. Alpha particles pass through
straight path through the gold foil

Conclusions:
a. atom is 99.9% empty space
b. nucleus is positively charge
Neil Bohr – Danish physicist
- describe the
electron that it moves in a
circular path
depend on light
spectrum
- if the photon energy
is just right, the electron will
jump to the next orbit.
BOHR MODEL
Planet orbit model
Erwin Schrodinger – explain the
movement of an electron of an
atom in a wave.
Cloud model
-It implies that if the electron
moves it leaves a trace.

Eugene Goldstein – discovered the

mass of the proton which is equal
to 1.673 x 10-27 kg

Joseph John Thompson –

discovered the mass of electron
which is 9.11 x 10-11 kg
Sir James Chadwick – discovered
neutron in 1932

- neutron has a
mass equal to proton
Subatomic Particles of an
Atom
1. Electron – first to be discovered.
- A negatively charged particles that
circles around the nucleus.
- It has a mass 9.110x 10-11 kg or
0.000549 amu.
Electron cloud – it is a space where
electrons are likely to be found.
Electrons are arranged in
energy levels. The lowest
energy level can hold 2
electrons.
2. Nucleus – center of the atom and
incredibly small and dense.
- Inside the nucleus lies the protons
and neutrons jointly called as
nucleons.
2.1. Protons – positively charged with
a mass of 1.673 x 10-27 kg or 1.007316
amu.
2.2. Neutron – electrically neutral and
same size with proton or 1.008701 amu.
3. Quarks – smaller particle where
neutrons and protons are made up.
- Building blocks of protons and
neutrons.
- Discovered in 1975 and in 2002, they
are thought to be fundamental
particles of matter.
There are actually six quarks but in
every day life we are only concerned
with three types: the up quark, the
down quark and the strange quark.
And the other quark is charm, top and
bottom.
Quark Structure
 Referrences:
http://www.schoolphysics.co.uk/age16-
19/Nuclear%20physics/Nuclear%20structur
e/text/Quarks_/index.html

http://youtu.be/R1RMV5qhwyE
Thank you……